Endocrine System Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the endocrine system, including hormones, glands, and their functions.

What are endocrine hormones?

Chemicals released by certain cells that travel via the blood to target cells.

What affects the levels of ADH in the blood?

Changes in blood water pressure.

Which gland secretes ADH?

The posterior pituitary gland.

What does oxytocin promote?

Uterine contractions.

What does growth hormone affect?

All bodily growth processes.

What triggers the release of T3/T4 from the thyroid gland?

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone).

What controls the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone).

What does FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) promote?

Egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes.

What hormone promotes the secretion of estrogen and testosterone?

LH (Luteinizing Hormone).

What stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

Prolactin.

What are the primary target cells for glucagon?

Pancreas.

What is a hormone that lowers blood levels of calcium ions?

Calcitonin.

What can result from too much T3/T4?

Goiter.

What hormone opposes calcitonin?

Parathyroid hormone.

What hormone is released by fat cells?

Leptin.

What happens when blood glucose levels rise?

Insulin is released.

What is hyperthyroidism associated with?

Increased metabolic activity and weight loss.

What glands are located on top of the kidneys?

Adrenal glands.

What inhibits secretion of growth hormone?

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone.

What induces labor?

Oxytocin.

Where is ADH produced and where is TSH synthesized?

ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary, TSH is synthesized by the anterior pituitary.

What is the primary stimulus for the release of cortisol?

Stimulation from the hypothalamus.

What additional hormone source does the thyroid gland have?

Parathyroid hormone.

What is the opposite of calcium absorption increasing hormone?

None.

What does the exam create in students?

Stress and anxiety.

What does calcitonin counteract?

High calcium levels.

What are the two systems in body communication?

Endocrine and nervous systems.

What is increased during the fight or flight response?

Adrenal cortex hormone secretion.

Which hormone triggers the release of calcium from bones?

Oxytocin.

What hormone is produced by the thymus gland?

Thymosin.

What does calcitonin do to blood calcium levels?

Decreases blood calcium.

What does TSH stimulate?

Synthesis of thyroid hormones.

What does ACTH increase?

Adrenal gland activity.

What stimulates milk production?

Prolactin and oxytocin.

What is the role of glucagon?

Regulates blood glucose levels.

What does progesterone do?

Acts as a hormone in the ovaries.

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol.

What is T3's significance in the body?

It is a thyroid hormone essential for metabolism.

What stimulates 'milk let down' in nursing mothers?

Oxytocin.

What are hypothalamic hormones that stimulate anterior pituitary production called?

Releasing hormones.

Does low blood oxygen release EPO?

True.

If TSH levels increase, what happens to T3 levels?

False, T3 levels should increase.

Does alcohol prevent dehydration?

False.