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ligand
a signal molecule that is either a lipid or protein
signal transduction
used for long distance communication
plasmodesmata
acts as a passageway through cell walls to connect cells, the cytoplasm is united and materials are shared, only in plant cells
gap junctions
channels that align so that cells can quickly communicate with each other
septate (tight) junction
seal gaps between cells
cadherin
interlock with each other by extending outwards
adherent junctions (desmosomes)
acts like velcro to connect cells
desmotubule
an ER connection caused by the plasmodesmata
G proteins
internal peripheral membrane proteins that bind to GTP
crosstalk
when pathways intersect, leading to modified responses
