IB History of The Americas ~ AoC, Constitution, and Bill of Rights Study Guide

What year was the Articles of Confederation written?

1777

What year were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

1781

under the AOC, what powers did the government not have?

• they could request taxes but couldnt enforce they payments of them

• they couldnt regulate trade among the states 

• they couldnt issues paper money

• coudlnt force states to meet military qoauts

What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance?

• provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory

What was prohibited by the Northwest Ordinance?

• slavery in new territories

How would new states rank compared to the original 13 states in  the Northwest ordinance?

• slavery in new territories

What was Shay’s Rebellion?

• sybolized the weakness of central goverment under the articals of conferderations

• property owning class feared a rev that would create mobacracy

• in debt farmers surrounded courts

What was the results of Shay’s Rebellion?

exelarted calls to reform AOC and resulting in particiion in the philidelphia convention

How many states are needed to amend the AOC?

with approval of all 13 states

What was the “sole purpose” for the Convention in Philadelphia?

to search for ways to improve the Articles of Confederation

what was the mindset of the writers of the AOC

• extreme caution of central power in light of britain

• valued state independence

• distrust of central government 

what was the mindset of the writers of the constitution

• balance and stability to prevent the choas starting

• focus on unity, saw how AOC was too much sepration between states

• strong but checked central power

what were the successes of the AOC?

• negotiated a peace treaty with britian

• established the northwest ordinace

• gave 13 states sovernty

• adopted the name of the “United State Of America”

What does Article 1 of the Constitution deal with?

legislative

What does Article 2 of the Constitution deal with?

executive

What does Article 3 of the Constitution deal with?

judical

What does Article 4 of the Constitution deal with?

states

What does Article 5 of the Constitution deal with?

amending

What does Article 6 of the Constitution deal with?

supreme law of land

What does Article 7 of the Constitution deal with?

radification

What does the 1^st amendment state?

freedoms

What does the 2nd amendment state

bear arms

What does the 3rd amendment state?

qaurtering soldiers

What does the 4th amendment state?

search and seizure

What does the 5th amendment state?

rights of prosecuted

What does the 6th amendment state?

speedy/ public trial and informed of accusation

What does the 7th amendment state?

Guarantees a trail by jury in a civil suit

What does the 8th amendment state?

cruel and unusal punishment or bails

What does the 9th amendment state?

unspoken rights

What does the 10th amendment state?

state rights

What group demanded the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution?

anti federalist

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

urge the remaining states to ratify

Who are the authors of the Federalist Papers?

• alexandar hamilton

• john jay

• james madison

What state almost didn’t ratify the Constitution due to Patrick Henry’s arguments? (give me liberty or give me death)

virgina

What is the qualification to be President of the United States?

• Be a born us citizens 

• 35 years old

• Live in the us for 14 years

What is the qualification to be a Senator of the United States?

• 30 years old

• Us citizen for 9 years 

• Lived in the state your representing

What is the qualification to be a member of the House of Representatives?

• 25 years old

• Us citizen for 7 year

• Live in state your running for

What is required every 10 years to set the membership in the House of representatives?

a census

How many states were required to ratify the Constitution?

9/13

What is the Great (Connecticut) Compromise?

• bicameral legislature

• lower house (hr) is determined by population’

• upper house (s) gets 2 senators per state

• all tax/revenue bills must start in the house of representatives

• between the virgina (large states) and new jersey (small state)

What is the 3/5s Compromise?

• three out of every five slaves were counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation

What year was the Constitution ratified?

1788

What year did it go into effect?

1789

What was the last state to ratify the Constitution?

rhode island

congress in AOC

Unicameral congress with each state having 1 vote (little power)

how was the president aponted acourding to the AOC

President appointed by Congress with no executive power

who attened the constitinional convevtion

college grads, weathy planter and merchents from large cities (55 men form 12/13 states- RI didnt attend)

virgina plan

• large state plan

• edmund randolph

• bicameral

• pres and courts chosen by legislative

• lower house voted by ppl

• upper house voted by lower house

• judical with life terms

• weak executive

new jersey plan

• small state

• william patterson

• in congress each state has one vote

• executive branch appoints supreme court

• unicameral

• small states would have equalityanti

anti federalist

belived the constitution would take away liberties and lead to tyranny (insufficent checks and balances)

federalist

Highlighted the need for a unified union to address issues of AOC

who had supremecy in the AOC

states unless explicity given to federal gov

structual make up of gov acording to the AOC

Single branch- legislative with one vote per state

who provides the military acording to AOC

the states

what power did congress have in AOC

over disputes between states

meeting of annaoplish

dussed regulation over international trade and agreed to meet in philidelphia to revise the AOC

what was done at the philidelphia confrene

wrote the constitution

how many states are needed to declare war in the AOC

9/13

how many states needed to amend the AOC

13/13

how long is a senates term

6 year terms with 1/3 being up for election every 2 years

how long is the house reps. term

2 years

what 2 states dont do winner takes all for electoral college

nabraska and maine

Process of impeachment

• House of representatives propose it

• Sentate tries/ holds the case

• Chief justice oversees the trial

• ⅔ vote for removal

Process of law making

• Proposed by a house in the legislative branch

• The house that proposed it deates and discuss

• The proposer house votes (⅔ needed)

• Sent to the other house and debated/ discussed

• Other house votes (⅔ to move on)

• Sent to president where they can

  Sign it = becomes law, Vetos it = sent back, congress can over ride with 2/3 vote, or Ignore it

what year could they start amending the constitution

1880

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

second ammendment

A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed

third amendment

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

forth amendment

the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

fifth amemndment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

sixth amanedment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

seventh amendment

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

eighth amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ninth amaendemnt

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

tenth amanedment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.