Anatomy II : Chapter 19

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Arteries, capillaries, veins.

Arteries carry blood:

Away from the heart.

Capillaries function primarily as:

Sites of exchange of gases, nutrients, and hormones.

What are the three layers (tunics) of blood vessels?

externa, media, intima.

The tunica intima is made of:

Simple squamous epithelium.

The tunica media is responsible for:

Regulating vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Which type of arteries serve as pressure reservoirs?

Elastic arteries.

What type of arteries deliver blood to specific body organs?

Muscular arteries.

Compared to arteries, veins have:

Larger lumens.

Which feature of veins prevents backflow of blood?

Valves.

Which type of capillary has complete endothelial lining?

Continuous.

Sinusoids are found in:

Liver.

What regulates blood flow into capillaries?

Precapillary sphincters.

Blood pressure is highest in:

The aorta.

The term for high blood pressure is:

Hypertension.

Which factor has the greatest influence on resistance to blood flow?

Blood vessel diameter.

A normal systolic pressure is:

120 mmHg.

What helps veins return blood to the heart?

Skeletal muscle contractions.

The 'respiratory pump' assists venous return by:

Generating pressure changes during breathing.

What is a key symptom of circulatory shock?

Clammy skin.

Which type of shock results from large-scale blood loss?

Hypovolemic

What is the most common cause of arteriosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis.

What condition is caused by leaky leg vein valves?

Varicose veins.

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) in capillaries:

Pushes fluid out.

Osmotic pressure (OP) in capillaries:

Pulls fluid in.

The lymphatic system returns excess fluid to:

The bloodstream.

What percentage of blood volume is in systemic veins?

60%.

The hepatic portal system carries blood from:

The GI tract to the liver.

What do hepatic sinusoids do?

Remove bacteria and detoxify blood.

The Circle of Willis provides:

Blood supply to the brain.