APUSH Period 6 Part 3 IDs

Political Party Positions

Democrats were in favor of lower tariffs and the removal of the spoils system, Republicans wanted higher tariffs, pro-business ideals, and support for veterans, like women’s pensions.

Connection between Economic Policy, Family Values, and Politics

Both national parties, while mostly focused on economic, laissez-faire policies, also focused on improving family life using those policies, allowing women to gain more political ground as a result.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A union created by Francis Willard where they helped create a Prohibition and Home Protection party in the 1880s.

Grand Army of the Republic

A group for Union veterans that had their own opinions on political issues, usually Republican

Rutherford B. Hayes

The 19th U.S. President who was a Republican that one the Election of 1876 because of the Compromise of 1877

Greenback Party

An entire party that operates on the support of soft money

James B. Weaver

The nominee for the Greenback party in the Election of 1880

Silver’s Position in the Money Supply 1870s-1890s

At the time, it was considered a much cheaper alternative to the Gold Standard, which would allow more money to circulate and more silver coins to exist.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

An act passed by Benjamin Harrison where the treasury has to by 4.5 million ounces of silver every month to back up paper or make coins

Stalwarts

A Republican sub-group spurned by the election of James Garfield that wants to keep the Spoils System, including Grant, Chester B. Arthur, and Roscoe Conking

Half-Breeds

A Republican sub-group spurned by the election of Garfield that challenges the spoils system, including Garfield and James Blaine

James Garfield

The 20th U.S. President, a Republican elected in 1880, that was killed by Charles Guiteau after he denied him a political position from the Spoils System because of his opposition to it

Chester B. Arthur

Garfield’s Vice President and the 21st U.S. President, was initially a Republican stalwart but changed his mind after Garfield’s assassination and ended the spoils system

Spoils System/Patronage

The system of giving people who bribe or are loyal to high ranking political figures notable political positions

Merit System for Civil Service

The opposing idea to the spoils system where positions are granted based upon who is deemed best for the job

Pendleton Act

An act passed by Chester B. Arthur that ends the spoils system

Grover Cleveland

The 22nd U.S. President who was a Democrat elected in 1884 and again in 1892

Benjamin Harrison

The 23rd U.S. President who opposed Grover Cleveland as the Republican in 1888

James Blaine

The Republican candidate in 1884 that was stained by his involvement in the Credit Mobilier scandal and caused him to lose

Mugwumps

Republicans who broke from the Republican party to vote for Cleveland because of Blaine’s corruption

Texas Seed Bill

A bill that would have helped relieve a drought affecting Texan farmers through subsidies, vetoed by Cleveland because he thought it was a state issue instead of a federal one, angers farmers

Cleveland and Tariffs

Cleveland, because of being in the Democratic Party, reduces tariffs a small amount upon his election

Veto of Pensions

Congress tries to pass the Dependent Pension Bill to give pensions to veterans, it was vetoed by Cleveland and it angered the GAR

Campaign Donations Change

Because of the end of the spoils system, the rich have no incentive to pour money into campaigns, which meant that businesses funded campaigns instead to protect their policies

Social Darwinism

The applying of Darwinian ideals, such as natural selection, to business and people

Gospel of Wealth

A system created by Andrew Carnegie that said that the rich has an obligation to fund institutions that will better society as a whole, promoting philanthropy

McKinley Tariff

A tariff implemented by Benjamin Harrison that put a 50% tax on imported goods

Populists

A third party for the people who feel overlooked and oppressed and that the government has done nothing to help (laborers, farmers, reformers, women, pro-temperance), pushes for silver back currency, progressive social reform ideas, and the support of immigration restrictions

Omaha Platform

A political platform for the Populists that wanted to end injustice and poverty for the lower class by implementing a graduated income tax, more non-gold backed national currency, tighter control on certain industries, and prohibition

Causes of Panic of 1893

The overspeculation of railroad companies, mostly because of their stock prices plummeting as the industry fizzles out

Depression of 1893-97

An economic recession that caused several money debates over hard and soft money and led to economic turmoil for many

Coxey’s Army

Jacob Coxey was a populist money expert from Ohio that pushed for a $500 million public work program to give jobs funded by soft money, earned enough momentum to create his Coxey’s Army group and protest at Washington, but they get arrested and his plan fails

Cleveland’s Response to Depression

Cleveland, being more conservative in his second term, retreats to a total laissez-faire approach and goes completely gold standard

JP Morgan’s Importance to Government and Politics

Morgan donated $62 mil to the government during the Panic of 1893 to keep them afloat

Gold Position

Largely supported by the rich, Republicans, and gold bug democrats led by Cleveland, these people wanted hard money because of a fear of inflation and devaluation once silver is used

Silver Position

Largely supported by the poor, workers, farmers, Populists, and some democrats, these people wanted soft money because the gold standard was believed to be a conspiracy to keep the poor poor, and that expanding the money supply would fix problems created by the depression

William Jennings Bryan

A Democrat who ran against McKinley in 1896, was very passionate about agrarian issues and despised the gold standard, endorsed by Eugene V. Debs

Cross of Gold Speech

A speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan that said that the “U.S. will not crucify us on a cross of gold”

William McKinley

The 24th U.S. President, a Republican elected in 1896, who caters to big business and the wealthy and loves the gold standard, Morgan donated $10 mil into his campaign, largely credited with the ending of the Panic of 1893 and the strength of the Republican party

Front-Porch Campaign

A campaign tactic where candidates stay at or close to their home and make speeches to whoever comes to visit

Dingley Tariff

A tariff implemented by William McKinley that was almost exactly like the McKinley tariff, taxed imported goods by 48%