Geography 232 Test EVENTS

Ethnicity

The equivalent of a language group and connects with a nation. (think of all the different kinds of these in India)

Nativism

A political outlook that immigrants are seen as a threat and are dangerous (think of the group “The Know Nothings”)

Geographic Connectivity

If you look at a map of the world and their transportation connections, some places are better than others. A place with lots of transportation connections would have a higher level of ______________

Chain Migration

Once you get a concentration of a certain ethnic group in a certain place, that place will start to draw more people from that ethnic group (ex. you have a cousin that lives in Chicago, so you move there to be close to them)

Quota System

The US would take a certain number of immigrants from each country (most countries were allowed none other than Denmark, Sweden, and other white countries)

Asiatic Barred Zone - Immigration Act of 1917

Congress signed a law that said anything in the green part would not be allowed to immigrate to the US (From Turkey to halfway through China)

What countries immigrated to the US the most during Old Immigration?

Northern and Western Europe (England, Scotland)

What countries immigrated to the US the most during New Immigration?

Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Ukraine, Russia)

How did residents of the US feel about the shift in the demographics of immigrants during New Immigration?

A nativist backlash swept the nation, and many people saw this as a threat to democracy

How does the % of foreign born citizens change throughout the Immigration period?

Just like the graph, there is a peak in the 1910’s, a trough in the 1960’s, and another expansion shortly after

What were some “Push” factors?

\-Massive surplus in European population

\-”Disruption” of the Industrial Revolution in Europe to small business owners

What were some “Pull” factors?

\-Huge demand for labor in the US due to industrial revolution

\-Cheap farming land to continue agricultural way of life

What was the time period in Wisconsin when Native American claims to land were extinguished?

1829-1842

What group began settling in Wisconsin first, and were did they settle?

Germans settled in the southern part of the state

What was the geography of settlement in Wisconsin?

South to North

What were some of the “Push” factors in the Wisconsin case study?

\-Population boom in Germany

\-Farmland consolidation

\-Industrialization in Germany

\-Religious freedom

\-Avoidance of the draft

What were some of the “Pull” factors in the Wisconsin case study?

\-Lots of cheap, good farmland

\-WI gave voting rights to immigrants after one year of being a citizen

\-Bankruptcy laws made homesteading less risky

\-State Immigration Commission

\-Feedback loop (they would tell family members how great Wisconsin was)

Where did earlier arriving groups settle?

In rural areas starting in the East, and moving towards the West

When did later arriving groups settle?

Urban areas

Were was German settlement primarily?

Midwest in rural cities (they had the most immigrants)

Where was Irish settlement primarily?

Highest concentration in the Northeast, but basically the whole country (they immigrated throughout all of Old Immigration and went where the opportunity was)

Where did the Russian’s settle primarily?

South and North Dakota because they arrived LATER

Racialized Slavery

Race and slavery overlap in a legal sense - slavery based on racial stereotypes

Racialized Hierarchy

A society that has stratifications based on power where racial identity figures are used

Chattel Slavery

Permanent and hereditary slavery

What were the regions of the US that chattel slavery was developed around?

Virginia down to Georgia

What are the four cultural hearths in terms of slavery?

The North, The Midland, Upper South, and Lower South

What was the anchor city for The North, and was there slavery?

Massachusetts, no

What was the anchor city for The Midland, and was there slavery?

Philadelphia, no

What was the anchor city for the Upper South, and was there slavery?

Virginia, yes

What was the anchor city for The Lower South, and was there slavery?

South Carolina, yes

When was the peak of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

1760’s

When was the first Atlantic Slave Trade?

1500-1660’s/70’s

When was the second Atlantic Slave Trade?

1670’s-1900’s

How many slaves were being sent to the US per year during the peak of the slave trade?

\~65,000

What three continents were working together during the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Western Europe, Western Africa, Tropical and Subtropical parts of the Atlantic-facing American regions (Eastern US, Caribbeans, Eastern Mexico)

What was sent from Europe to Africa in the slave trade?

guns/manufactured goods

What was being sent from Africa to the Americas?

Slaves

What was being sent from the Americas to Europe?

Agricultural commodities (sugar, rice, lumber)

Bacon’s Rebellion

Militia of white landless people, indentured servants from Europe, and black enslaved people attempted to burn the capital of Virginia down. This resulted in the government giving white landless people more rights to avoid this in the future

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to make life harder for African Americans

De jure

“Of the law” - there is a law that says why this is how it is

de facto

“as a matter of fact” - happens organically because that is the way people are (ex. racial residential segregation in Milwaukee)

What were consequences of the slave trade for Europe?

\-Companies in Europe made lots of money that went into the European economy

\-Europe goes through the Industrial Revolution first and becomes very wealthy

What were consequences of the slave trade for Africa?

\-Underdeveloped

\-Human capital was taken away

\-Africa became dependent on EuropeW

What were consequences of the slave trade for the Americas?

\-A racial hierarchy was developed

What is the significance of Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676?

This was the first time the terms “black” and “white” were used in the Americas, and racial categories were formed

What happened during Reconstruction from 1867-1877?

North tries to fix all the mistakes of the South by passing 3 reconstruction amendments

How did the Jim Crow Laws move in terms of de facto and de jure

Start as de jure, then de facto during reconstruction, then back to de jure after reconstruction

What were the Restrictive Covenants?

A document attached to the deed of your home. It stated you could never rent or sell your home to an ethnicity that was not yours. This was shot down in 1948.

What were the three events in the dismantling of Jim Crow Laws?

\-Abolishment of Restrictive Covenants (1948)

\-Brown v Board (1954)

\-Passage of Civil Rights Act (1964)

Sharecropping

Slaves could continue to work on the plantation lands, but they did not have political freedom, houses, or food

What was the system of Apartheid

Separation of race in Africa that separated whites from blacks (similar to Jim Crow)

How did voting work for African Americans during Jim Crow South?

Literacy tests had to be completed that were almost impossible

What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?

Homes of African Americans were set fire to in Greenwood, Oklahoma

What was the goal of the Tulsa Race Massacre?

To get African Americans back to their spot on the Racial Hierarchy