APUSH 7B TEST PREP

Great Depression

The worst economic downturn in modern history.

Unemployment Rate

By March 4, 1933, 25% of the labor force was unemployed.

Causes of the Great Depression

Republican Economic Policies, Laissez Faire, Overproduction/Underconsumption, Uneven Distribution of Wealth, Over Speculation of the Stock Market, Weak Banks.

Laissez Faire

Economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in business.

Overproduction/Underconsumption

When production exceeds demand, resulting in unsold goods and economic decline.

Uneven Distribution of Wealth

The wealthiest 20% of the population gained while the lower 60% lost share.

Over Speculation of the Stock Market

Investing in stocks based on the assumption that prices will rise.

Hoover's Response to the Great Depression

Believed the economy would self-correct without government intervention.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Legislation that raised tariffs on imports, worsening the economy.

The Dust Bowl

Severe drought that caused mass migration of farmers to urban areas.

The Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched to Congress seeking early payment of their bonuses.

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal

A series of programs aimed at recovery from the Great Depression.

Emergency Banking Act

Granted federal authority to regulate banking operations.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Program providing jobs for young men in environmental projects.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Federal law aimed at boosting agricultural prices by reducing production.

Social Security Act

Established a social welfare system providing support for the elderly and unemployed.

Neutrality Acts

Laws passed to keep the U.S. out of foreign conflicts.

Lend-Lease Act

Permitted the U.S. to lend or lease military equipment to Allies during WWII.

Pearl Harbor

Site of the Japanese surprise attack on December 7, 1941, leading the U.S. into WWII.

Atlantic Charter

Joint declaration by FDR and Winston Churchill outlining post-war goals.

Operation Overlord

The Allied invasion of France on D-Day, June 6, 1944.

V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day, marked Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945.

Island Hopping Strategy

Military strategy used in the Pacific War involving capturing strategic islands. Used on Hawaii

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb during WWII.

V-J Day

Victory over Japan Day, marking Japan's surrender on September 2, 1945.

Women's Suffrage

The movement leading to women gaining the right to vote with the 19th Amendment.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American culture and identity.

Prohibition

The nationwide ban on the sale and production of alcoholic beverages.

Wagner Act

Law guaranteeing the rights of workers to organize and bargain collectively.

Protest Farmers

Farmers attempting to withhold farm products from the market during the Great Depression.

Sacco & Vanzetti

Italian immigrants whose trial and execution highlighted prejudice and injustice.

The Scopes Trial

Legal case in 1925 challenging the prohibition of teaching evolution in schools.

Jazz Age

Period in the 1920s marked by the popularity of jazz music and dance.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Government agency created to insure bank deposits and maintain public confidence.

Scottsboro Boys

Nine African American teenagers accused of raping two white women in 1931, highlighting racial injustice in the legal system.

US Alliances during WWII

Allied powers including the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China working together against the Axis powers.

Operation Overlord

The Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 agreement in which countries pledged not to use war to resolve disputes.

Blitzkrieg

German military strategy of rapid and surprise attacks to quickly defeat opponents during WWII.

Cash and Carry

Policy permitting the sale of non-military goods to warring nations as long as they paid cash and transported the goods themselves.

Abandonment of Isolationism

Shift in U.S. foreign policy leading to involvement in WWII, moving away from stance of non-intervention.

Liberating Concentration Camps

Actions by Allied forces in WWII to free people from Nazi camps as they advanced through Europe.

The New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt's series of programs and policies aimed at economic recovery during the Great Depression.

Election of 1936

Presidential election where Franklin Roosevelt defeated Alf Landon, securing a second term.

American Liberty League

Organization formed in 1934 to oppose the New Deal and promote traditional liberal principles.

The Supreme Court

Judicial body that ruled on major issues of the New Deal, challenging some programs as unconstitutional.

Roosevelt Recession

Economic downturn in 1937 following initial recovery from the Great Depression, caused by cuts in federal spending.