Theme 3- Eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic flagella

If projections are few and long then it is flagella

Eukaryotic cilia

If projections are numerous and short it is cilia

Name the characteristics of flagella and cilia

• anchored on plasma membrane

• Micro tubules

• Tubulin

• 9 pairs + 2 array

What is the yeast cell wall made of

Glucan , mannan

What is the algae cell wall made of

Cellulose

What is the fungi cell wall made of

Chitin

What is the Protozoa cell wall made of

No cell wall ( pellicle protein )

What is glycocalyx

A carbohydrate found in cells that don’t have a cell wall and is bonded to proteins and lipids in the membrane

What is the function of glycocalyx

Strengthens cell surface, helps attach cells together and contribute to cell-cell recognition

Selectively permeability

Allows passage of some molecules through simple diffusion, facilitative diffusion, osmosis and active transport

What are the three kinds of endocytosis

Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Endocytosis

A type of active transport that takes in materials from the external environment

Phagocytosis

Pseudopods extend and engulf particles

Pinocytosis

Membrane folds inward, bring in fluid and dissolved substances

Cytoplasm

Substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus

Cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments, intermediate filament, micro tubules ( support, shape and transport substances)

Cytoplasmic streaming

Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells to distribute nutrients

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis and can either found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

Nucleus

Contains chromosomes for the cells genetic information

ER

Transport network

Golgi complex

Membrane formation and secretion

Lysosome

Digestive enzymes are stored here. Formed from the Golgi complex

Vacuole

Space in the cytoplasm of the cell enclosed by the membrane the tonoplast and brings food into cells and provides support

Function of smooth ER

Synthesises phospholipids, Fats/steroids

Function of Rough ER

Protein synthesis

Mitochondria ( 70S ribosomes)

Cellular respiration and produces energy ATP/ADP

Chloroplast ( 70S ribosomes)

Made of flattened membrane sacs of thylakoids that function in photosynthesis

Peroxisome

Oxidation of fatty acids. E.g catalase destroys H2O2

Centrosome

Consists of protein fibres and centrioles which forms motion spindle

Endosymbiosis theory

Larger prokaryotic cell engulfed smaller free-living bacteria but instead of ingesting it a symbiotic relationship was created

What is evidence of the endosymbiotic theory

Mitochondria and chloroplast have the following characteristics

• resemble bacteria in shape and size

• Contain circular DNA

• Reproduce independently from host cells

• 70S ribosomes