BASIC WASTEWATER AND WW ENGG INTRO

80%

______ of water utilized by customers become wastewater and ends up at the creek/river

poor sanitation; P 78 billion

Economic losses due to ______ exceed ______ per year

11,338

More than ______ Filipinos die yearly from diarrhea

55

About ____ die daily from all water-borne diseases

58%

Up to ____ of groundwater are contaminated

64%

____ of rivers fail test for Class A waters Drinking water)

Sewage

all water that goes through sewer pipes

wastewater

water consumed that are considered waste

potable

water safe for human consumption

palatable

water that is not necessary fit for consumption

domestic, commercial, industrial

enumerate types of wastewater

black water

water from water closet

gray water

water from laundry, lavatory, and nothing from water closet

Commercial

mainly comprised of restos and other food chains

Fats, Oil, and Grease

these are monitored on commercial establishments aside from BOD

Industrial

usually comes from manufacturing plants such as petrochem and food manufacturing

Sewer System and Septic Tank Desludging

How do we collect ww for treatment?

Preliminary treatment

in this stage, solids are removed

Primary treatment

this stage focuses on smaller solids

Sedimentation

allows particles to settle and could happen by gravity alone

Biological treatment

it treats water using microorganisms

* Lack of Discipline
* Lack of Awareness
* Poverty
* Lack of Malasakit
* Lack of Political Will
* Part of Filipino Culture

Why do we have all of these?

* Strict implementation of existing laws
* Massive awareness campaign on the importance of proper sanitation and hygiene
* Proper solid waste management - implement waste segregation; invest on MRF
* Proper maintenance of drainage system
* Relocation of informal settlers - in city relocation
* Implement wastewater treatment facility projects

What must be done?

Lagoon (Oxidation Pond)

a man-made lake or body of water in which organic wastes are consumed or oxidized by bacteria.

Dagat - Dagatan STP

example of Lagoon

Extended Aeration

a type of activated sludge process with no primary settling and long aerobic detention time to generate less excess sludge overall

Ayala Alabang STP

example of Extended Aeration

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

a fill-and-draw activated system

Conventional Activated Sludge CAS)

a continuous flow suspended growth process

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)

a hybrid of Suspended Growth and Fixed film system

STM Aerotor

an activated sludge and fixed film wherein the media is aerated on the surface

* Analyze In-line Parameter
* Plant Troubleshooting
* Raw Material Evaluation

Role of Process Control

pH, Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen

In wastewater treatment process, monitoring and controlling physical parameters such as _____________ is crucial in an aerobic wastewater treatment facility.

6\.5 to 9; greater

The optimum pH for the growth of bacteria is between _____ range and the dissolve oxygen level must be _____ than 2 mg/L.

thermal stratification; algal bloom

Change in water temperature above three degrees affects microbial activity such as _______ and _______.

Suspended Solid

solid matter suspended in water sample

Suspended Solid Analysis

estimate the microbial population in wastewater

Oven-Drying method

method for Suspended Solid Analysis

Biological Oxygen Demand

amount of oxygen required to sustain microbial activity

Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis

determines the amount of pollutant present in ww

Respirometric

method for Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis

Chemical Oxygen Demand

amount of oxygen required to convert chemicals to an oxidized form

Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis

quantifies the amount of oxidizable compounds present in ww sample

Colorimetric

method for Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis

Oil and Grease Analysis

quantifies the amount of oil present in ww sample

Solvent extraction with Infra-red

method for Oil and Grease Analysis

Total Coliform Analysis

quantifies the amount of of pathogenic microorganisms in ww sample

Enzyme Substrate

method for Total Coliform Analysis

Wastewater

water supply of the community after it has been used

very slow rate

rivers, oceans, and seas trea/clean ww but on a _____

Sewage

ww containing human wastes

Sewage

usually “piped” wastewater

Septage

ww taken out of septic tanks

Septage

generally characterized with **black color**

Untreated domestic wastewater

____________ discharge into drainage eventually polluting waterways

Four

___ of the major river systems in Metro Manila are biologically dead

421; 50; 16

Out of the ____ **rivers in the country** ____ rivers **were polluted** and ____ were **biologically dead**

48%

___ of pollutants came from domestic sources

Metro Manila, Southern Luzon, Central Luzon

critical areas in the PH

7 meters to 2.8 meters

Laguna Lake depth reduced from __________

10\.8% to 24%

Nitrogen and phosphorus load increased by ______

Pesticide Pollution

__________ in rural areas is from agricultural runoff

58%

___ of ground water sampled is **contaminated with fecal coliform and needs treatment**

31%

___ of **illnesses monitored for a five-year period** were water-related diseases

67B

3B

17B

47B

Total economic losses:

Health:

Fisheries Production:

Tourism:

Waterborne Diseases

caused by drinking water containing infectious viruses or bacteria, which often come from human or animal waste

Waterborne Diseases

includes **cholera, typhoid, and dysentery**

WATER-WASHED DISEASES

* Skin and eye infections
* Caused by lack of clean water for washing (hygiene)

WATER-BASED DISEASES

* Such as **schistosomiasis**
* Spread by **organisms that develop in water and then become human parasites.**
* Spread by c**ontaminated water and eating insufficiently cooked meat** or fish

WATER-RELATED DISEASES

Such as **mosquitoes**
**Breed in or near water and spread diseases**, including **dengue and malaria**

BIOACCUMULATION

INCREASE IN CONCENTRATON OF A POLLUTANT FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO THE FIRST ORGANISM IN A FOOD CHAIN

BIOMAGNIFICATION

INCREASE IN CONCENTRATION OFA POLLUTANT FROM ONE LINK IN A FOOD CHAIN TO ANOTHER

* To prevent fresh and saline water pollution
* To prevent seashore pollution
* To protect freshwater and marine life
* Protection of public health
* To reuse the treated effluent

Agriculture

Industrial recycle

Recharge

* Solving social problems cause or affliated with wastewater
accumulation

Why do we need to treat ww?

Wastewater Engineering

the branch of environmental engineering in which the basic principles of science and engineering are applied to the problems of water-pollution control, that is issues associated with the treatment and reuse of wastewater

Domestic Sewage

also known as **sanitary sewage**, is the one that originates in the toilets of a dwelling, residences, commercial, institutional, and similar facilities.

Industrial wastewater

wastewater in which industrial wastes predominate (i.e. from industrial process such as brewing, dyeing, etc.)

Storm sewage

liquid flowing in sewers during or following a period of rainfall and resulting from precipitation runoff.

Inflow

is water discharged into sewer pipes or services connections such as roof leaders, etc.

Infiltration

\-is the groundwater entering sewers and building connections through defective joints and broken or cracked pipe and manholes.

Black water

a domestic wastewater comprising toilet wastes only.

Greywater

a waste flow originating from kitchen, bath, shower and laundry excluding toilet wastes.

Stale Sewage

has a pronounced odor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dark gray and occasionally contains recognizable solids

Total Solids

residue at 103 - 105

Settleable solids

Settle down

Filterable Solids

suspended solids

Non-Filterable

colloids and dissolve solids