cardio anatomy

systemic circuit

away form heart to body then back to heart

(oxygenated blood and nutrients to body, remove wastes and deoxygenated blood to heart)

pulmonary circuit

to lungs and back to heart

(deoxygenated blood to lungs to unload CO2 and receive O2, return oxygenated blood to heart)

the right ventricle supplies which circuit?

pulmonary

the left ventricle supplies which circuit?

systemic

systemic circulation

IVC/SVC

RA

Tricuspid valve

RV

Pulmonary circulation

RV

Lungs-

pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood

LA

Mitral valve

LV

Aorta

3 branches of aortic arch

branchiocephalic

left common carotid

subclavian

Deoxygenated blood travels….

to the lungs via right ventricles and pulmonary arteries

Oxygenated blood travels…

to the left atrium via right and left pulmonary veins

average size of adult heart

14cm long

9cm wide

(size of fist)

heart location

rests on diaphragm

found within mediastinum

posterior border is near vertebral column

anterior border is near sternum

apex of heart

5th ICS

MCL

right atria is

anterior

left atria is

posterior

right ventricle is

anterior

left ventricle is

posterior

pericardial cavity

between parietal and visceral pericardium

contains serous fluid that reduces friction as heart beats

pericardium functions

allows for heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment

protests and anchors heart

prevents overfilling of heart with blood

epicardium

visceral pericardium

protects heart by reducing friction and is a visceral layer o serous pericardium

myocardium

cardiac muscle, bulk of heart

pumps blood out of chambers

endocardium

contains blood vessels and cardiac muscle fibers

endothelial layer of inner myocardial surface

coronary sinus on which side of heart

posterior

septum

atrial and ventricular

separates atrium and ventricle

blood enters right atria from

SVC

IVC

coronary sinus

blood enters left atrium from

left and right pulmonary veins

oxygenated blood enters….

left atria from pulmonary veins

atrioventricular valves (AV) valves

mitral (bicuspid) - left

tricuspid - right

semilunar valves

pulmonary - RV and pulmonary trunk

aortic - LV and aorta

tricuspid valve

3 cusps

allows blood to move RA to RV during diastole

prevents back flow into RA during systole

mitral / bicuspid valve

2 cusps

allows blood to move LA to LV during diastole

prevents back flow of blood into LA during systole

What attaches cusps of AV valves?

chordae tendineae

what is full during diastole

RA and LA

during systole

vents contract, AV valves close and semilunar valves open

vents push blood out to body and lungs

one heartbeat

one cardiac cycle

end of systole

after vents have contracted, begin to relax

semilunar valves close and ventricular diastole occurs again

S1

lub

av closure

S2

dub

semilunar closes

what valves are closed in systole

av valves

what valves are closed in diastole

semilunar valves

right coronary artery (RCA) supplies

RV

LV

SA node

AV node

right marginal a

posterior descending a

left coronary artery (LCA) becomes the

LAD- left anterior descending

LCX- left circumflex

LAD supplies

anterolateral myocardium

apex

interventricular septum

LV

Widow Maker

blockage of LAD

LCX supplies

posterolateral LV

LV

ascending aorta becomes

right coronary artery RCA

left coronary artery LCA

vessels that drain heart

veins- coronary sinus receives blood from heart and returns it to RA

SA node

generates electrical impulses and sends to AV node

receives input from right CN X

receives blood from RCA

AV node

delays impulse

triggers ventricles to contract

receives input from left CN X

receives blood from RCA

Bundle of His location

superior part of interventricular septum

purkinje fibers location

apex

3 arteries that originate from aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

ascending aorta arteries

R/L coronary artery

arch of the aorta

brachiocephalic

left common carotid

left subclavian

descending aorta arteries

thoracic aorta

abdominal aorta

what compresses veins

skeletal muscle

vasoconstriction

reduce blood vessel diameter

vasodilation

increase blood vessel diameter

effect of aging on cardiovascular system

heart may experience reduction in maximum output