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systemic circuit
away form heart to body then back to heart
(oxygenated blood and nutrients to body, remove wastes and deoxygenated blood to heart)
pulmonary circuit
to lungs and back to heart
(deoxygenated blood to lungs to unload CO2 and receive O2, return oxygenated blood to heart)
the right ventricle supplies which circuit?
pulmonary
the left ventricle supplies which circuit?
systemic
systemic circulation
IVC/SVC
RA
Tricuspid valve
RV
Pulmonary circulation
RV
Lungs-
pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood
LA
Mitral valve
LV
Aorta
3 branches of aortic arch
branchiocephalic
left common carotid
subclavian
Deoxygenated blood travels….
to the lungs via right ventricles and pulmonary arteries
Oxygenated blood travels…
to the left atrium via right and left pulmonary veins
average size of adult heart
14cm long
9cm wide
(size of fist)
heart location
rests on diaphragm
found within mediastinum
posterior border is near vertebral column
anterior border is near sternum
apex of heart
5th ICS
MCL
right atria is
anterior
left atria is
posterior
right ventricle is
anterior
left ventricle is
posterior
pericardial cavity
between parietal and visceral pericardium
contains serous fluid that reduces friction as heart beats
pericardium functions
allows for heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
protests and anchors heart
prevents overfilling of heart with blood
epicardium
visceral pericardium
protects heart by reducing friction and is a visceral layer o serous pericardium
myocardium
cardiac muscle, bulk of heart
pumps blood out of chambers
endocardium
contains blood vessels and cardiac muscle fibers
endothelial layer of inner myocardial surface
coronary sinus on which side of heart
posterior
septum
atrial and ventricular
separates atrium and ventricle
blood enters right atria from
SVC
IVC
coronary sinus
blood enters left atrium from
left and right pulmonary veins
oxygenated blood enters….
left atria from pulmonary veins
atrioventricular valves (AV) valves
mitral (bicuspid) - left
tricuspid - right
semilunar valves
pulmonary - RV and pulmonary trunk
aortic - LV and aorta
tricuspid valve
3 cusps
allows blood to move RA to RV during diastole
prevents back flow into RA during systole
mitral / bicuspid valve
2 cusps
allows blood to move LA to LV during diastole
prevents back flow of blood into LA during systole
What attaches cusps of AV valves?
chordae tendineae
what is full during diastole
RA and LA
during systole
vents contract, AV valves close and semilunar valves open
vents push blood out to body and lungs
one heartbeat
one cardiac cycle
end of systole
after vents have contracted, begin to relax
semilunar valves close and ventricular diastole occurs again
S1
lub
av closure
S2
dub
semilunar closes
what valves are closed in systole
av valves
what valves are closed in diastole
semilunar valves
right coronary artery (RCA) supplies
RV
LV
SA node
AV node
right marginal a
posterior descending a
left coronary artery (LCA) becomes the
LAD- left anterior descending
LCX- left circumflex
LAD supplies
anterolateral myocardium
apex
interventricular septum
LV
Widow Maker
blockage of LAD
LCX supplies
posterolateral LV
LV
ascending aorta becomes
right coronary artery RCA
left coronary artery LCA
vessels that drain heart
veins- coronary sinus receives blood from heart and returns it to RA
SA node
generates electrical impulses and sends to AV node
receives input from right CN X
receives blood from RCA
AV node
delays impulse
triggers ventricles to contract
receives input from left CN X
receives blood from RCA
Bundle of His location
superior part of interventricular septum
purkinje fibers location
apex
3 arteries that originate from aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
ascending aorta arteries
R/L coronary artery
arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian
descending aorta arteries
thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta
what compresses veins
skeletal muscle
vasoconstriction
reduce blood vessel diameter
vasodilation
increase blood vessel diameter
effect of aging on cardiovascular system
heart may experience reduction in maximum output
Note 
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