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Naming salts example:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH-) + hydrochloric acid (HCl+)
Carbon dioxide gas turns limewater cloudy.
If the gas produced during a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate is bubbled into lime water, the limewater turns cloudy
Acids reacting with carbonates example:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Yes! When an acid and a metal carbonate react in an open container, the carbon dioxide produced escapes into the air, and the mass in the container decreases.
This change in mass can be shown graphically.
Metals behave differently when exposed to the environment.
For example, gold is an unreactive metal and does not corrode easily. On the other hand, Zinc is a fairly reactive mental and corrodes easily.
- Hydrogen
- Carbon
- Oxygen
- A hydrocarbon such as methane, propane, butane and octane
- Combustion reaction involves oxidation and reduction
- Before a substance will burn, it must be heated to its ignition point or kindling temperature.
- Combustion reactions mostly have to do with burning and heating
The salt will depend upon the metal and acid used:
- Hydrochloric acids metal chloride
- Sulphuric acid gives metal sulphate
- Nitric acid gives metal nitrate
Example, solve for metals with acids reaction:
Magnesium (Mg) + Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)=
We can use the activity of the metals to predict how vigorously a metal will react.
The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction. The least reactive metals do not react at all.
1. Write down the word equations
2. Replace words with the chemical formula (You will be given or need to look up the formula at this stage)
3. Check that they are equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation, if not then balance the equation by using more than one
Example: Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid -> Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen gas
Mg + HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Forms an insoluble salt when two soluble salts combine.
The resulting solution is visibly cloudy due to the formation of small aggregation of the insoluble salt. This insoluble salt falls out of the solution and is unfiltered to form the precipitate.
This reaction is a double-replacement reaction
Ionic compound dissociates in solution.
Symbol (aq)
Does note dissociate in solution, aka a precipitate
Symbol (s)
Solubility rule -> if an ion is soluble, then it remains in its aqueous ion form.
If an ion is insoluble, it forms a solid with an ion from the other reactant.
If all ions in a reaction are shown to be soluble, then no precipitation reaction occurs.
- precipitation in water pipes
- formation of kidney stones
- formation of the immune complex
A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more products.
The products may be any combination of elements and compound - but the reactants are compounds
Example:
H2O can be broken down into...
H2O = H2 + O