Body Regions and Directional Terms Profile Picture

Anatomy

the study of internal and external structures of body

Physiology

how living organisms preform their functions/ how they function

Frontal

forehead

cranium

skull(that holds head)

cephalic

head as a whole

orbital/ocular

eye

facial

face

ottic

ear

oral

mouth

buccal

cheeks

nasal

nose

cervical

neck

mental

chin

thoracic

chest

Mammary

breast region

Umbilical

belly button

pelvic area

pelvis (area bellow naval)

inguinal

lines leading down to groin

pubic area

genital region

femoral

thigh

patellar

front of knee

crural

shin

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

plantar

bottom of foot

dorsum

top of foot

hallux

big toe

bracial

upper arm (bicep area)

Antecubital

inside of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

manual

hand

palmer

palm of hand

indicus

index finger

pollex

thumb

phalanges/digits

fingers

axillary

armpit

superior

toward the head

inferior

Lower on the body, toward feet

anterior

toward the front

posterior

toward the back

medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment (on arms/legs)

distal

further from the point of attachment (on arms/legs)

cranial

toward the head

caudal

toward the tail

ipsilateral

(when something) on the same side of the body (as something else)

contralateral

(when something is) on the opposite side of the body (of something else)

right

patient's right

left

patient's left

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface

four quadrants

four quadrants

occipital

back of head

dorsal

back

acromial deltoid

shoulder

olecranal

back of elbow

lumbar

lower back area above buttocks

gluteal

buttocks

popliteal

back of knee

sural

calf

calcaneal

heel

Skeletal System

cartilage, bones, joints, ligaments; forms blood cells, 206 bones protects internal organs

Reproductive System

produces offspring, care for child

Cardiovascular System

Heart; Nutrients and waste distribution, heat distribution

Nervous System

brain, spinal cord, nerves; immediate response to stimuli, coordinates other organ systems, manages sensory systems

Digestive System

body system the breaks down food, helps hydrate, and stores nutrients

Respiratory System

Lungs; brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide, sounds for communication

Muscular System

movement, where heat is produced, protects internal organs

Endocrine System

Glands; produce hormones, long term changes to body, metabolic activity

Urinary System

bladder, kidneys, removes waste from blood, regulate pH of blood

Lymphatic System

(immune system) protects against disease and infection

Integumentary System

skin, hair, nail; protect from environment, regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

Supine

lying on the back

Prone

lying face down

Cranal Cavity

contains the brain

Dorsal cavity

Holds spinal cord and brain

Spinal cavity

Holds the spine

Thoracic cavity

Holds organs in thoracic area

Serous membranes

Malleable (ie for heart pumping), inner layer, outer layer serous fluid

Serous fluid

Lubricates organs in the serous membranes

Viscera

internal organs

Parietal layer

Outer layer of serous membrane

Visceral layer

Inner layer of serous membrane

Mediastinum

space between the lungs (upper thorax)

pleural cavities

contain the lungs

pericardial cavity

contains the heart

Abdominal cavity

contains digestive organs

Diaphragm

Muscle between thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity (basically separates top cavities from bottom)

Peritoneal membrane

lines the abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

Contains pelvic organs

Microscopic anatomy

examines cells and molecules

Cystology

study of cells

Histology

study of tissues

surface anatomy

the study of how internal structures relate to the overlying skin surface

regional anatomy

body areas

systemic anatomy

organ systems

developmental anatomy

structural changes in the human body from fertilization to maturity (as they grow)

clinic anatomy

applying knowledge to real life diagnosis and treatment of patients