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1- Leaching and overflow
Fertilisers sprayed onto fields and leach through soil/flow into bodies of water, causing a build up of nutrients in the water
2- Algal overgrowth
Excess nutrients cause rapid algal growth on water surface, preventing light from reaching plants underwater
3- Plant death
Plants under algae die due to insufficient light for photosynthesis
4- Increase in number of bacteria
Bacteria decompose dead plants, decreasing oxygen concentration, eventually killing fish due to insufficient oxygen for respiration