Weathering key terms

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20 Terms

1

Weathering

The process by which exposed rocks are broken down

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2

Scree

Angular sediment that collects at the foot of a mountain range or cliff

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3

Freeze-thaw

Physical weathering- Caused by expansion of water as it freezes, exerting pressure on the rock as the process repeats

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4

Salt crystallisation

Breakdown of rock by expansion and contraction of salt crystals due to fluctuating temperatures above and below 26 degress

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5

Heating and cooling

Expansion and contraction of rock in deserts due to repeated heating and cooling between night and day

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6

Solution

Some minerals in rock require no chemical reaction to be soluble eg rock salt

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7

Chelation

Humus releases organic acids which attack certain minerals

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8

Hydration

Water is absorbed into the crystal structure of the mineral within a rock. The water absorption allows the minerals to swell and creates stresses, water within the crystal structure causes chemical changes

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9

Carbonation

Dissolving of rock by acid rain

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10

Oxidation

Oxygen is dissolved in water, the dissolved oxygen forms oxides or hydroxides on contact with rocks and minerals, causing rust

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11

Hydrolysis

Carbonic acids release H+ ions from water, which combine with some minerals in rock (feldspar) which releases Na, K, Mg. Minerals within the rock now disintegrate

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12

Exfoliation

Pelling off of the top layer of rock

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13

Wetting and drying

Expansion and contraction of rock due to addition and removal of rock

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14

Denudation

Weathering and erosion working together causing landscapes to be worn down

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15

Regolith

Weathering breaks down a rock surface to produce a pile of loose debris

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16

Physical biological

Plant roots seeking out joints and bedding planes. Animals digging holes in rocks

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17

Chemical biological

Humic acids, Bird droppings can be acidic

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18

Aspect

Direction of a slope impacts temperature, south facing slopes are warmer in winter and will experience more freeze-thaw action

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19

Relief

Gradient of slopes, steeper slopes with more exposure will weather faster

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20

Desertification

The process of fertile land becoming desert

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