Unit 1 AP World History Review "The Global Tapestry"

Han Dynasty

• Most “classical” dynasty in Chinese history

• Ruled around same time as Roman empire

Confucianism

• Philosophy

• Based on the teachings of Confucius

Confucian Society

• All individuals have a role, the goal is to maintain and master such role, not improve/move on

• Patriarchal

Qin Dynasty

Began Great Wall

Han Dynasty

Created civil service exam

Sui Dynasty

Grand Canal

Tang Dynasty

Buddhism Growth

Neo-Confucianism

Revival of confucianism mixed with Buddhist and daoism elements

What aided China’s Economic and industrial growth?

Champa rice (drought resistant rice) and iron

Song China Government Structure

Song China ran on a bureaucracy based on Confucianism

What influence did China have on Korea?

• absorbed both Confucianism and buddhism

• sent monks to China

What influence did China have on Korea?

• Implemented a Confucian legal code

What influence did China have on Vietnam?

• Adopted Confucian procedures

Theravada Buddhism

Goal: Reach nirvana, the absence of suffering, and be “higher”

Mahayana Buddhism

Goal: Reach Nirvana but stay grounded to help others reach such state

What was the impact of Champa Rice?

The crop was drought resistant, making the production of rice faster leading to a more fluid profit

Origins of Islam

• Began in the 7th century in Arabian peninsula

• Prophet was Muhammad

• Holy site- Mecca

• Monotheistic

Umayyad Dynasty

Spread Islam into North Africa and Spain

Abbasid Caliphate

• Had power during Crusades for Islamic regions

Islamic Cultural Contributions

• Preservation for Greek and Roman texts

• Math brought from India (Al jibra)

• Medical advancements

• The “House of Wisdom”

Methods of conversion to Islam

• Military, Used power after winning battles to convert people to Islam

• Merchant, Trade routes

• Missionary, nomadic and stationary missionaries

Islamic Society

• Merchants were high socially because they spread religion

• Patriarchal

• Mildly tolerant of other religions

• Slavery was only allowed with people not part of the religion

Regions that made up Dar a-Islam

• North Africa

• Middle East

• Central and South Asia

How did Islam spread to the Kingdom of Mali in Africa?

• Saharan Trade

• Influence from Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca

Delhi Sultanate

• An Islamic realm based in Delhi India

• In an area where Hinduism and Buddhism were prominent

• A result from Muslim conquest in Northern India

How did the spread of Islam impact the people of South and Southeast Asia?

• Many nonmuslims were enslaved

• Muslim invasions destroyed Buddhist centers, leading to Buddhism becoming a minor faith

How did trade impact the spread of Islam?

• Merchants were drawn to Islam because it gave a common morality and code for trade

• Because of this, Dar Al-Islam dominated trade

Inca Empire (South America)

• Had dominance to surrounding areas because of conquest and forced exchange

• Large military

• Self governing groups

Aztec Empire (South America)

• Had a leader running the state politically and socially

• Had subgroups that dealt with local ordeals

• Hierarchal way of life

Dark ages

• 476 to 1066 CE

• Viking raids

• Muslim Expansion

• Feudalism emerged

High Middle Ages

• 1066-1450 CE

• Crusades

• Black Death

Feudalism

• A Socio-political system

• Lord issues land and titles

• In exchange, the Lord gains loyalty, taxes and soldiers

Economic Changes in Europe

• Because of urbanization, banking was introduced

• Emergence of Bourgeoisie (The middle class)

• Introduction of Guilds

Guilds

Associations/ groups that participate in the same line of work/craft

Black Death

• Killed 1/3 of the population

• spread by rats and fleas along trade routes

The Crusades

• “Holy Wars” intended to recapture holy lands from Muslims

• Started by the pope who used the crusades to gain power over monarchs

• Kings to knight to peasants and criminals participated because they were promised salvation by the pope

The Crusades results

• Both sides did not gain territory

• The power of the pope increased

• Trade flourished between Dar al-Islam and Europe, leading to the renaissance

Magna Carta

• signed in 1215

• weakened the power of monarchs

• gave rights to nobles

• Nobles could be taxed

• war cannot be declared without noble support

Little Ice Age

• Drop in temperature

• Lead to lower crop yields

• Slight population decline

Renaissance

• -”Rebirth”

• Started in Italy due to wealth and trade

• redefined European culture

Hanseatic League

• an association of trading cities

• traded immensely in the Baltic sea

Great Western Schism

• Multiple people were trying to be pope and fought for loyalty

• Fractured Christianity into different sections based on which leader an individual supported

Hundred Years War

A long series of battles between France and England over territory dispute and control in France

Reconquest of Iberia

A Christian invasion of Iberia from Muslim Rule

The Battle of Agincourt

Fought during the Hundred years war.

The French outnumbered the EnTglish and were fighting on their territory. Heavy rain resulted in mud, trapping the French, giving the English an advantage and a victory.

The Reconquista

A centuries-long series of battles by Christians to expel Muslims

Byzantine Empire

• The remains of the old Roman Empire

• Capital- Constantinople

• Constantinople served as a buffer/barrier between the Muslim and Christian world, when it fell, it caused the two regions to clash