Gas Exchange & Oxygenation - Comprehensive Nursing Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the respiratory system, gas exchange, oxygenation, and related nursing interventions.

Upper airway

Includes the nose (nasopharynx), mouth (oropharynx), and larynx.

Lower airway

Includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

Bronchodilation

Airway opens up, making airflow easier.

Bronchoconstriction

Airway narrows, making it harder to breathe.

Ventilation

The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Perfusion

Blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries.

Surfactant

A fatty lubricant made by alveoli to keep air sacs open.

Lung compliance

How easily lungs can stretch when air enters.

Airway resistance

Pressure build-up when airways are narrow.

Hypoxemia

Low oxygen levels in the blood.

Hypoxia

Low oxygen levels at the cellular level.

Hyperventilation

Breathing too fast; can lead to respiratory alkalosis.

Hypoventilation

Breathing too slow; can lead to respiratory acidosis.

Oxygen Toxicity

Too much oxygen that damages lung cells.

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

Uses percussion/vibration to loosen mucus.

Incentive Spirometer

Encourages deep breathing to prevent atelectasis.

Tracheostomy

Creates an airway when the upper airway is blocked.

Chest tubes

Used to remove air or fluid from the pleural space.