Bones flashcards

Study of bones

Osteology

3 components of skeletal system

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

Provides a framework to which other tissue attach

Support

Protect major organs

Protection

Aid the muscular system in providing movement

Movement

For electrolyte and pH balance

Storage

Examples of minerals

Calcium, phosphates, carbonates

Stored in the middle of long bones in yellow marrow

Fat

Makes blood cells in red marrow

Hematopoieses

2 types of bone tissue

Compact and spongy

Material is packed closely together

Compact

Open spaces between thin plates of compact bone

Spongy

Longer than wide

Long bone

As wide as long

Short bone

Thin

Flat bone

Irregular shaped

Irregular bone

Bones that form in a tendon

Sesamoid bone

Example of long bone

Leg and arm bones

Example of short bone

Wrist and ankle bones

Example of flat bones

Breastbone, cranium, ribs, hips, scapula

Example of irregular bone

Vertebrae and middle ear bones

Example of sesamoid bone

Patella

Middle part of the bone; for leverage

Diaphysis

Diaphysis is composed of what bone on the outside

Compact

Diaphysis surrounds what on the inside that stores fat

Medullary

Expanded ents of the long bone for attachment

Epiphyses

Articular cartilage is the what cartilage

Hyaline

Cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis

Epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal plate is where the bone

Lengthens

What is the remament of the epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal line

Surrounds the outer surface of the bone

Periosteum

Outer layer of periosteum

Collagen fibers

Lining of the inner medullary cavity and spongy bone

Endosteum

Short, flat, and irregular bone have a layer of what bone and have a what kind of appearance

Compact/ sandwich

Stem cells

Osteogenic cells

Osteogenic cells develop from

Mesenchymal cells

Bone forming cells

Osteoblasts

Mature bone cells

Osteocytes

Osteocytes reside in tiny cavities

Lacunae

Tiny channels which look like cracks in the matrix

Canaliculi

Adjustments in bone shape and density

Bone remodeling

Bone dissolving cells

Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are made by bone marrow that make

Blood cells

Osteoclasts are found in

Pits

Unit of bone structure ‘

Osteon

Middle canal containing nerves and blood vessels

Central/ Haversian canal

Transverse connecting canals

Volkman / Perforating

Solid matrix with lacunae holding the osteocytes

. lamellae

Runs parallel to bone

Circumferential

Between osteons

Interstitial

Small canals connecting the lacunae of the osteocytes

Canalculi

Hard matrix of bone is 1/3 what and 2/3 what

Organic / inorganic

Bone development

Osteogenesis

Bone formation

Ossification

Bony skeleton begins at

6 to 8 weeks of embryonic development

Fibrous membrane undergoes what ossification to form flat bone

Intramembranous

Osteoblasts secrete bone

Matrix

What cartilage undergoes endochondral ossification

Hyaline

What ossification begins in the center of the what

Primary / diaphysis

What ossification begins at each what

Secondary/ epiphysis

Increase in length of bone

Longitudinal growth

Osteoblasts deposit what making bone

Calcium phosphates

What hormones stimulate growth spurts

Sex

What are do plates close

21 for men / 18 for female

Increase in bone diameter

appositional bone growth

Osteoblasts form new

Osteons

Medullary cavity helps prevent bones from getting too

Heavy

Balance between mineral deposition and resorption

Bone remodeling

Bone is what kind of tissue

Active

Breaks down old bone

Osteoclasts

Builds new bone

Osteoblasts

Maintain bone matrix

Osteocytes

Calcium is needed for

Nerve transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting

Blood phosphate regulate

Acid base balance

Control bone remodeling to maintain homeostatic blood levels

Calcitriol

Calcitrial is the most active form A

Vitamin D

3 ways calcitriol raises blood calcium

Small intestine, kidneys, bone

Release PTH hormone

Parathyroid gland

Lowers blood phosphate levels

PTH

Releases calcitonin leading to decrease calcium

Thyroid gland

Calcitonin stimulates the

Osteoblast

Promotes remodeling

Mechanical stress

Bone is what where muscle attach

Thicker

After the age of what bone breakdown exceeds bone formation

40

Bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin

Simple

Broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and skin

Compound

Bone pieces have moved from normal positions

Displaced

Bon pieces are still in normal positions

Non-displaced

Bone fragments into many pieces; in elderly

Comminuted

Ragged break from twisting forces such as sport fractures

Spiral

Bone pieces separate at epiphyseal plate

Epiphysial

Bone pressed inward

Depressed

Bone breaks incompletely like a green this

Greenstick

Blood clot

Hematoma

Fibroblasts replace clot with

Collagen

Chondroblasts replace clot with

Fibrocartilage callus

Osteoblasts convent fibrocartilage callus to

Spongy bone

Cancellous bone is replaced by

Compact bone

Doctor is able to reposition bones without surgery

Closed reduction

Doctor does surgery and uses screws/plates,

Open reduction