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Basilica
A church that follows a longitudinal plan, originally derived from Roman civil architecture.
Centrally Planned Church
A church design with a central space, often topped with a dome, adapted for Christian worship.
Emperor Constantine
The Roman Emperor who legalized Christianity and commissioned the construction of the old Saint Peter's Basilica.
Apse
The semicircular recess at the far end of a church, reserved for the priest and directed towards Jerusalem.
Transept
The transverse arm of a church which crosses the nave, often creating a cross shape.
Nave
The main body of the church where the congregation gathers.
Aisles
Passageways on either side of the nave that facilitate movement within the church.
Atrium
An open courtyard that serves as a gathering space at the entrance of a basilica.
Circus of Nero
The site in Rome where Saint Peter was believed to have been buried and where the old Saint Peter's Basilica was built.
Masonry
The building material made from stone or brick used in the construction of structures like the old Saint Peter's Basilica.
Martyr
A person who is killed for their religious beliefs; Saint Peter was killed under Emperor Nero for his faith.
Byzantine Empire
The eastern half of the Roman Empire, known for its unique centrally planned churches, especially after the 4th century.
Christian Art
Art created to express Christian faith, often reflected in church architecture and iconography during and after the Roman Empire.
Longitudinal Plan
A design that is longer than it is wide, typical of the basilica style used in early church architecture.
Sacred vs. Profane Spaces
The concept of distinguishing areas within a church architecture that are set apart for worship versus those used for everyday purposes.
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