Comp Sci~ Exam 1

Bits and Binary

Bits and Binary

All data that is stored in a computer is converted to sequences of 0s and 1s.

Unicode

A character code that enables most of the languages of the world to be symbolized with a special character identification.

Hardware

The physical devices that a computer is made of .The programs that run on a computer are referred to as software.

Operating system

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.

IDE

a single program that gives you all of the tools you need to write, execute, and test a program.

IDLE

Provides a basic environment for editing and running programs.

Assembler

A(n) ____ reads assembly language code and converts it into machine language.

Compiler

A program that translates code in a high-level language (such as Java) to machine instructions (such as bytecode for the Java virtual machine).

Algorithm

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem

Input

variable =input('prompt')

Prompt

name= input ("what is your name? ") Zoey print ("My name is" ,name, ) or print (name) My name is Zoey or Zoey

int (item)

used when you are prompting the user to input whole numbers only

float (item)

used when the user is prompted to input numbers containing decimal (non-whole numbers)

Python is case-sensitive.

YES!! The upper-case and lower-case of a letter are distinct

python keywords

Protected, special words (tells Python you are about to define a function)

identifier

A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type.

invalid identifiers

1. using names stored in the python Libra

2. starting with a number

3. using special characters like % or $ or @ or .

Notes on identifiers

sequence of letters (a-z, AZ), underscores (_), and digits (0-9), and must start with a letter or an underscore

Variable Statement

a name that represents a value stored in the computer's memory.

argument

The item passed to a function

denotes what

comments before actually writing the code helps organize

addition operator

subtraction operator

multiplication operator

/

division operator

//

integer divsion- divides one number by the other and gives the answer as an integer

%

remainder operator divides one number by the other and gives the remainder

+=

x += 5; x = x + 5

-=

y-=2, y=y-2

*=

y*=3 y=3*y

/=

a/=b a=a/b

%=

c%=3 c=c%3

string (str)

ordered sequence ('hello' 'Sammy' '2000')

lists (list)

Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries (dict)

Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples (tup)

Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets (set)

Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans (bool)

Logical value indicating True or False

( )

items in here are evaluated first think PEMDAS

unary

negative

**

exponent ( if you want 3^6 you put in python 3**6)

Types of Errors

Syntax, Logic, Runtime

how do you do a math function in python?

import math print the variable name to get the result of the math function performed .

math.sqrt

Returns the square root of a number

math.floor

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

math.ceil

Rounds a number up to the nearest integer

math.fabs

Returns the absolute value of a number

math.pow

computes the exponent

math.factorial(x)

Returns the factorial of x

math.fmod(x,y)

returns the reminder

math.isnan(x)

Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise.

Which creates a string variable first_name with a value 'Daniel'? a. Daniel = first_name b. first_name = 'Daniel' c. first_name = Daniel

b. first_name = 'Daniel'

len function

returns the length of a sequence such as a list

greater than

<

less than

=

greater than or equal to

<=

less than or equal to

==

equal to

!=

not equal to

when using the operators what does python read it as

a question for example x>=y is x greater than or equal to y?

if statement

t is used to create a decision structure, which allows a program to have more than one path of execution. The statement causes one or more statements to execute only when a Boolean expression is true.

Boolean Expression

in programming, an expression that evaluates to True or False.

what is needed for an if statement to run properly

an indention.

assignment (floor=13)

makes something true

equality (if floor== 13)

checks if something is true

AND operator

Connects two Boolean expressions into one compound expression, BOTH subexpressions must be true for the expression to be true

OR operator

Connects two Boolean expressions into one compound expression one or both subexpressions must be true for the expression to be true it doesn't matter which

NOT operator

one of the logical operators; reverses the truth-value of a condition

true and true

true

true and false

false

false and true

false

false and false

false

true or false

true

true or true

true

false or true

true

false or false

false

if-else statement

Allows your program to perform one action if the expression evaluates to true and a different action if the expression evaluates to false.

elif

stands for else if. if the first test evaluates to False, continues with the next one

else statement

if if statement isn't true (doesn't run) this will