Post Civil War A-F

Civil War Results

- After 4 years of fighting 1.5 million casualties (600k deaths)

- North Union defeated the South (confederate)

13th Amendment

- Abolished slavery, freeing 4 million people

(13th Amendment) Problems

- Not enough new jobs, doctors, resources, for the newly freed people

1. Lincoln was assassinated

2. Former enslaved people needed right and protection

3. Need for jobs, homes, schools education

4. How to merge the confederate into the union

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

- Period of time in the US after the Civil War of rebuilding the cities, government, and economy in the south with the goal of having formerly enslaved people gain their rights

The North occupied...

- The South, setting up military districts to keep control/order

Freedman's Bureau (1865)

- Organization set up to help enslaved people get homes, jobs, education, etc.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

- All men born in the US are considered citizens

14th Amendment

- Gave all people equal protection under the law

Radical Republicans

- Politicians from the North who wanted revenge to punish them for slavery & the Cilvil War

Thaddeus Stevens (PA) & Charles Sumner (MA)

- Leaders of the Radicals, out spoken about the south and equal rights

2,000 African Americans...

Had some type of government/political job

- 16 of them had Congressional Positions

Hiram Revels, Mississippi

First African American Senator

- Union Army Minister

Joseph Rainey

First African American elected to the House of Representatives

- Former Slave

Jim Crow Laws

- Segregation laws in the South that vary by state put in place to prevent African Americans from having rights

KKK & Other Terrorist Groups

- Would intimidate, kill, and harass African Americans

Andrew Johnson

1865-1869- Southern Democrat- Former Slave Owner- Lincoln's VP (Lincoln was a Republican)

Johnson's personality...

- Uneducated

- Bad Temper

- Stubborn

- Not popular

Johnson's problems...

- Lenient polices

- He would veto many of the new laws and be overruled

- Republicans didn't trust him and plotted to impeach him

Tenure of Office Act

Passed by Congress and The President couldn't remove a member of cabinet without appproval of the Senate

- Violated by Johnson when he fired secretary of war Edward Stanton

Edward Stanton

- Secretary of War; Last member of Lincoln's Cabinet

Johnson's Impeachment

Impeached; but avoided removeal by one vote

Result of Johnson's Impeachment

Johnson quietly finished his term & didn't run again

Ulysses S. Grant

1869-1877

- Union General and War Hero

Grant's personality...

- Respected

- Honest

- Popular

- Shy

- Poor judge of character

- No political experience

Anti Klan

Grant passed Anti Klan Laws & broke up the KKK

15th Amendment

Extended right to vote to all citizen

Department of Justice

Government Agency that enforces laws and justice in the US

Grant's problems...

- Gave Gov. Jobs to his family and friends; who were not qualified- Corruption and Scandals took place among many Government Officials

Whiskey Ring

- A scam by alcohol distributers and Gov. Officials to raise prices of alcohol and taxes

Credit Mobilier Scandal

- Republicans received shapes of stock in a construction company & used profits for illegal activities

The Panic of 1873

- Economic depression spread in the US and caused the Republican Party to lose support

Grant's 2nd Term

- Grant was not involved in scandals, but lost support because of corruption in economy

End of Reconstruction

1877

Election of 1876

- Rutherford Hayes (Republican): won electoral vote

- Samuel Tilden (Democrat): won popular vote

Dispute of 20 electoral votes in...

Louisiana, Florida, and South Carolina

Compromise of 1877

1. Hayes gets the votes

2. The North had to remove troops from the South

3.North had to continue economic support in the South

4. 1 Democrat had to be moved to Hayes Cabinet

Post Reconstruction

- Presidents after Grant

Mainly took a "laissez faire" approach to policy

Laissez Faire

Hands off

The Gilded Age

Late 1800's

- Time in the US when the wealthy a few people overshadowed the problems of many

Civil Rights

- Lack of enforcement of laws and polices began after the troops left the South

Fredrick Douglas

- Abolitionist and Civil Rights leader who spoke out for Civil and Women's Rights

Ida B. Wells

Journalist teacher and Civil Rights leader, who lead anti-lynching crusade in the South

Plessy v. Ferguson (1892-1896)

Segregation Case

- The case went to the Supreme Court

- The Court Ruled: "separate but equal" does not apply to the seating

Homer Plessy

- 1/8 black and arrested for setting in the wrong section of a train