organ systems

integumentary system

• forms external body covering

• protects deeper tissues from injury and water loss

• synthesizes vitamin D

• site of cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure, others_ and sweat and oil glands

skeletal system — bones and joints

• protects and supports body organs

• provides a framework for muscles

• blood cells formed within bones

• stores minerals

muscular system

• allows manipulation of environment

• locomotion

• facial expression

• maintains posture

• produces heat

nervous system — hormone-secreting glands

• the slow control system

• glands secrete hormones that regulate:

  • growth

  • reproduction

  • nutrient use (metabolism)

  • stress responses

• pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, etc.

cardiovascular system — heart and vessels

• blood vessels transport blood

  • blood carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

  • it also carries nutrients and wastes

• heart pumps blood through blood vessels

lymphatic system/immunity — lymph organs and vessels

• picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels into tissue spaces

• disposes of debris

• store white blood cells (lymphocytes)

• mounts attack against foreign substances in the body

respiratory system — airway & lungs

• keeps blood supplied with oxygen

• removes carbon dioxide

• gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs

digestive system — stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas

• breaks food down into absorbable units

• indigestible food material eliminated as feces

• the liver performs over 500 functions!

urinary system — kidneys & bladder

• eliminates nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) wastes

• regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, blood pressure

male & female reproductive systems

• overall functions is to produce offspring

• testes produce sperm and male sex hormones

• ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones

• mammary glands produce milk