Mutations and Pedigrees

Define Linkage group

all the genes located on the same chromosome

What is the difference between a somatic mutation and a germ cell mutation?

Somatic cell mutations occur in the body cells and affect the individual. Germ cell mutations occur in the gametes and do not affect the individual but may be passed on to offspring

a piece of a chromosome is lost

deletion

a chromosome segment breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction

inversion

a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a non homologous chromosome

translocation

chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

nondisjunction

How are deletion and insertion more serious gene mutations by creating a frame-shift mutation?

Causes the entire codon to be misread

What is a multiple allele trait?

A trait controlled by 3 or more alleles ex. Blood types

what is a polygenic trait?

a trait that is controlled by two or more genes and shows a wide variety in phenotypes

How is a s-influenced trait different from a s-linked trait

Males and Females may have the same genotype, but due to their hormones, their phenotypes differ. S linked traits are linked to the s chromosome

Nondisjunction that results in an embryo with only 1 copy of a chromosome is called

Monosomy

Nondisjunction that results in an embryo with 3 copies of a chromosome is called

Trisomy

What is the examination of an individual’s genetic makeup called?

Genetic screening

What are 2 ways that a karyotype can be performed before the child?

Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villi Sampling

What is gene therapy

Placing a healthy copy of a gene into the cells of a person whose copy of the gene is defective.