Hemorrhage Control and Shock

These flashcards cover key concepts related to shock and hemorrhage control as outlined in the interactive trauma life support lecture.

Shock

A life-threatening, generalized form of acute circulatory failure associated with inadequate oxygen utilization by the cells.

Perfusion

The process of delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues through the blood.

Compensated Shock

A state of shock where the body is able to maintain blood pressure despite volume loss up to 15–25%.

Decompensated Shock

Late stage of shock where blood volume loss is 30–45% leading to hypotension and potential organ failure.

Types of Shock

Four main types include hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive, and cardiogenic shock.

Hypovolemic Shock

Shock caused by low blood volume, resulting in decreased perfusion.

Distributive Shock

Shock type characterized by vasodilation and relative hypovolemia, resulting in inadequate perfusion.

Obstructive Shock

Shock caused by an obstruction that prevents blood from circulating, thus decreasing cardiac output.

Cardiogenic Shock

Shock resulting from the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Catecholamines

Hormones like adrenaline that are released in response to stress, often leading to vasoconstriction.

Hypoxia

A deficiency of oxygen in tissues.

Tranexamic Acid (TXA)

A medication used to stabilize fibrin clots and is administered early in bleeding trauma patients.

Tachycardia

An abnormally rapid heart rate often an early sign of shock.

IV Fluids

Intravenous fluids used in the management of hemorrhagic shock to maintain circulation.

Tourniquet

A device used to apply pressure to a limb to restrict blood flow in cases of uncontrollable external hemorrhage.

Capillary Refill

A clinical test to assess perfusion; delayed capillary refill indicates possible shock.

Lactate Levels

Metrics used to monitor tissue hypoxia and shock severity.

High-Flow Oxygen

Oxygen delivered at high volumes to improve oxygen saturation in shock patients.

Vascular System

The system comprising blood vessels that circulate blood to and from the heart and tissues.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure, often a sign of decompensated shock.

Cellular Hypoxia

A state where cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, potentially leading to cell death.