Cell Biology

Test review

What are the functions of the cell membrane

Protects cellls, maintains homeostasis, controls what enters and leaves the cell

What is the function of the nucleus

Stores DNA and controls cell activities

What does a cell with many mitochondria tell us

The cell needs a lot of energy

What structure do animal sperm cells and some single-celled organisms use to move

a flagellum

Which organelle is the site of many metabolic reactions

Cytoplasm

What is the fundamental unit of life

The cell

What are defining characteristics of eukaryotic organisms

Cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Order least to most complex organisms, tissues, organelles, organs, cells, organ systems

Organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organisms

All cells from the same person have the same ___ but perform different

DNA; function (jobs)

What can be embedded in the cell membrane to help transport substances

Proteins

The cell membrane consists mainly of ___ with embedded and superficial ___

Phospholipids; Proteins

Where does gas exchange occur in the cell

The cell membrane

What is the passive movement of gas across the membrane called

Diffusion

Why are most enzymes destroyed by high temperatures

Heat denatures them, changing their shape so they no longer work

What is the function of DNA in cellular activities

Provides instructions for making proteins and controlling cell functions

Glucose is a sugar that makes up macromolecules called ___

Carbohydrates

Enzymes, hemoglobin, membrane transporters, and storage molecules are what macromolecule

Protein

What is a function of phospholipids in the cell membrane

They form a bilayer that acts as a selective barrier

If an animal cell bursts in a solution, the solution is ____ compared to the cell

Hypotonic (lower solute concentration)

Regulation of blood glucose levels is an example of

homeostasis

A cell with 10% salt is placed in 5% salt. What happens over time

Water enters the cell; it swells and may burst

What is the process of cell division called

Mitosis

What disease is character by uncontrolled cell division

cancer

Cells that divide frequently include ____ or _____

Skin cells or intestinal lining cells

Cells that divide frequently include ____ or ____

Skin cells or intestinal lining cells

Cells that divide rarely include_____

Liver cells / muscle cells

Cells that never divide include ____

Nerve cells