PSYC 315 MT 2

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development

Proposes that individuals are born with unconscious urges that conflict with societal expectations, leading to psychological development.

ID

The part of the mind that contains our primal instincts and desires, particularly sexual and aggressive urges.

Superego

The aspect of the mind that aligns with societal expectations and morals, often in conflict with the ID.

Ego

The part of the mind that mediates between the ID and Superego, balancing intrinsic urges with social norms.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Focuses on the role of the Ego and posits that social and environmental factors shape development through crises at different life stages.

Psychosocial crisis

A challenge faced at each stage of life that contributes to personal development.

Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model

An ecological perspective that emphasizes the influence of various environmental contexts on child development.

Microsystem

The immediate environment surrounding an individual, including family, friends, and caregivers.

Identity achievement

A status where individuals have explored various options and made commitments to their identity, linked to high maturity and intimacy.

James Marcia's Identity Statuses

A framework categorizing identity formation into four statuses: achievement, diffusion, foreclosure, and moratorium.

Personal fable

The belief that an individual's experiences are unique and not shared by others.

Imaginary audience

A cognitive distortion wherein teenagers believe they are constantly being observed by others.

Ethnic Racial Identity (ERI)

The thoughts and feelings one has regarding their racial or ethnic group, which can develop and change through adolescence.

Discrimination

The negative treatment of individuals based on their race, which can hinder adjustment and development of identity.

Stereotype threat

The risk of conforming to stereotypes about one's social group, which can negatively impact performance.

Fixed mindset

The belief that intelligence and talent are static and cannot change.

Growth mindset

The belief that intelligence and talent can be developed through effort and learning.

Cultural differences in mindsets

Variations in how different cultures perceive intelligence and success, impacting academic performance.