IMPORTANT MONO AND DISACCHARIDES

chemical formula of fructose

ketohexose C6H12O6

what is fructose a structural isomer of

glucose and mannose

where is fructose found

fruit juices and honey

how is fructose formed

hydrolysis of sucrose

what can fructose be converted to in the body

glucose

chemical formula of galactose

aldohexose C6H12O6

what type of epimer is galactose

C4 epimer of glucose

how is galactose obtained? can it be found in nature

it cannot be found in free form in nature

it is obtained from lactose

importance of glalctose

cellular membranes in the CNS

pathophysiological importance of galactose

galactosemia

mannose chemical formula

aldohexose C6H12O6

what type of epimer is mannose

C2 epimer of glucose

is mannose metabolised well in humans

no

name 2 used/functions of mannose

building block of glycoconjugates of proteins, cell membranes

mannose receptor is  a C-type lectin, important in phagocytosis

what is lactose, what is it made up of

a milk sugar made up of galactose and glucose

what type of bond holds galactose and glucose together in lactose

beta-1,4-glycosidic bond

is lactose a reducing sugar

yes

what do lactose crystallise as 

alpha-lactose monohydrate

what is lactulose, what is it made up of

non absorbable sugar

made up of galactose and fructose held together by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond

what is lactulose used for

treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

is lactulose a reducing sugar

yes 

maltose

malt sugar

2xD-glucose joined by alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond

obtained from starch

reducing sugar

used in cereals candies and brewing

cellobiose

2xD-glucose joined by beta-1,4-glycosidic bond

enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of cellulose

a reducing sugar

sucrose

table sugar

b-D-fructofuranosyl-(2,1)-a-D-glucopyranose

a non reducing sugar