Art Hist 213 'Venice' Final Exam Study Guide

Giardini Pubblici (Public Gardens)

• Is a large public park in Venice, built by Neopoleon during occupatian

• Established in the 19th century

• Serves as a cultural and recreational space for both locals and tourists.
  

Railway connector to mainland, 1846

• Austrians built this railroad duringoccupation

• Connects to the metropolitan mainland of Venice, turned the back door of Venice into the front

• Railway was crucial for trade and transportation & tourism.

The Veneto

• Northeastern Italy, known for its rich cultural heritage, including Venice and its surrounding areas. (HELPED CREATE NEW MYTHS)

The Lido

• Beach resort area that transformed tourism in Venice.

Mestre

• Ruraltown of mainland Venice

• Is like home to most Venetian residents

Marghera

• The indistrial part of mainland Venice.

• Cnotributed to Venice’s economic decline

Piazzale Roma

• Bus terminal of Venice

Caffè Florian

• Historical coffee shop in Venice, holds cultural signifigance

Molino Stucky

• Pasta factory, later shut down and became a Hilton hotel location

The Grand Tour

• A trip done by (usually) wealthy young men

• Meant for them to become men, indulging in coresans, collecting art, and leanrning about the culture all for bringing back stories and art to show off to others

Carnival

• A festive season that celebrates with parades, masquerades, and various cultural events

Commedia dell’arte

• Venetian theater, which consists of a aray of characters and improvised performances

Vedutisti

• A painting style that uses a topographical view of some architecual element

Opera in Venice

• Similar to plays in Venice, but only song (no speaking)

• Meant to bring that market to the poor

• There was a use of castration amongst men to preseve vocal range

The Enlightenment (broadly speaking 1650s-1780s)

LIST ALL PEOPLE

• John Locke (1632-1704)

• Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

• Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

• Voltaire (1694-1778)

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Fall of Venetian Republic: 1797

French Revolution 1789-99

• Introduced Neopoleon to Venice

• Initiated the French occupation in Venice

Austrian Occupation

• Took occupational control from the french

• French gave occupation to austrian as part of a treaty

• Long lasting cultural effects like Spritz ‘drink’ and bakery goods still in modern day Venice

Il Risorgimento

Venice joins Kingdom of Italy

The Biennale

• The Giardini Pubblici were transformed into a international art exhibit where all cultures would come together and present thier art

Flood of 1966

• A flood caused by torrential rains for two days

• Wind blowing at 100 km/hour and huge seas

• City was flooded to a height of 2 meters for 20 hours

• Caused huge damage and a great call for reform

Acqua Alta

• Most prominant in winter, used to happen 10x a year (now happens 60x)

• Mini street flood occur when drains and campi are flooded

MOSE (MOSES)

• A response to the flooding

• A mechinism designed to stop tides from reaching damaging heights

Carlo Goldoni

• The playwritter that reinvented plays and Commedia dell’arte

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Napoleon becomes Emperor of France in 1804

• Occupied Venice, then gave Venice to his nephew, as well as austrians

King Victor Emmanuel II

• The first king of Italy

Benito Mussolini

• leader of the Italian Fascist Party, is appointed Prime Minister in 1922

• Effectively becomes a dictator in 1925, called “Il Duce” (The Leader)

“Once did She hold the gorgeous east in fee; And was the safeguard of the west: the worth Of Venice did not fall below her birth, Venice, the eldest Child of Liberty. She was a maiden City, bright and free; No guile seduced, no force could violate; And, when she took unto herself a Mate, She must espouse the everlasting Sea. And what if she had seen those glories fade, Those titles vanish, and that strength decay; Yet shall some tribute of regret be paid When her long life hath reached its final day: Men are we, and must grieve when even the Shade Of that which once was great is passed away.”

William Wordsworth, “On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic,” 1802

• The death of Venice and its Myth

• Glazes the Myth of Venice

Lord Byron (1788-1824)

• Moves to Venice in 1816 and stays for 3 years

• Writes “Ode on Venice” in 1818

Mark Twain, Innocents Abroad, 1869

• Talks about how weird and freeing Venice is as well as there non care about sexual freedom

• He is very put off by Venice and its culture (american views)

Henry James, The Aspern Papers, 1888

• Venice is portrayed as a mysterious and decaying yet alluring city, symbolizing secrecy and the passage of time.

Giovanni Canaletto, Piazza San Marco, late 1720s

Francesco Guardi, Piazza San Marco, 1750s

Giovanni Tiepolo, Neptune offering Gifts to Venice, Doge’s Palace, Venice, 1750s

Giovanni Tiepolo, Scenes from the Iliad, Villa Valmarana ai Nani, Vicenza, 1757

Giovanni Tiepolo, Allegory of Marriage, Ca’ Rezzonico, Venice, 1758

Napoleonic Wing, Piazza San Marco, 1810

John Sargent, A Street in Venice, 1880

John Sargent, Watercolor views of Venice 1900