AP World 7.4 The Great Depression and Its Effects

1929 U.S. stock market crash

Global event triggering the Great Depression.

Treaty of Versailles

Imposed heavy reparations on Germany post-WWI.

Hyperinflation

Excessive money printing devaluing German currency.

Weimar Republic

Germany's government during the hyperinflation crisis.

Japan's economy

Struggled due to reduced exports during the Depression.

John Maynard Keynes

Economist advocating government spending to boost demand.

The New Deal

FDR's programs for U.S. economic recovery.

Global trade decline

Caused by increased tariffs and import restrictions.

Collectivization

Consolidation of farms into state-run enterprises.

Holodomor

Severe famine in Ukraine resulting from collectivization.

Mexican oil nationalization

State control of the oil industry in 1938.

Fascism

Political system glorifying military and blaming minorities.

Totalitarianism

State controls all aspects of life and economy.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict led by Francisco Franco starting in 1936.

Nuremberg Laws

1935 laws discriminating against Jews in Germany.

Rome-Berlin Axis

1936 alliance between Germany and Italy.

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Buffer Zone

Area protecting France from German aggression.

Munich Agreement

Allowed Hitler to annex Sudetenland in 1938.

WWII start in Europe

Initiated by Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939.

Japan's invasion of Manchuria

Aggressive expansion in Asia starting in 1931.

Blitzkrieg

Rapid military strategy used by Germany in WWII.

Pearl Harbor

Attack leading to U.S. entry into WWII.

Siege of Leningrad

Lasted approximately 872 days during WWII.

Women in workforce

Encouraged to support roles during WWII.

Island-hopping strategy

MacArthur's method to capture key Pacific islands.

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944.

Germany's surrender

Marked end of WWII in Europe in May 1945.

WWII death toll

Estimated 70-85 million casualties worldwide.

Armenian Genocide

Committed by Ottoman Empire against Armenians.

Armenian death toll

Estimated between 600,000 to 1.5 million.

Spanish Flu

1918 pandemic killing approximately 50 million globally.

Lost Generation

Term for American expatriate writers post-WWI.

Final Solution

Nazi plan for the extermination of Jews.

Holocaust death toll

Approximately 6 million Jews killed.

China's civilian deaths

Over a million due to Japanese aggression.

Atomic bomb

Significant development in WWII warfare.

Rwandan Genocide

Modern genocide between Hutus and Tutsis.

Darfur Genocide

Started in 2003, involving ethnic conflict.