Anatomy and Physiology Lab 1

Body planes, Directional terms, Action Terms, Regional Terms

Frontal/Coronal Plane

anterior and posterior halves of the body

Sagittal Plane

left and right halves of the body

Transverse Plane

superior and inferior halves of the body

Anterior

towards the front (chest)

Posterior

towards the back (butt)

Superior

towards the head

Inferior

towards the feet

Medial

towards the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Proximal (LIMB ONLY)

towards the shoulder or hip (origin of the limb)

Distal (LIMB ONLY)

towards the digits (tip of the limb)

Superficial

close to the surface

Deep

farthest from the surface

Unilateral

only on one side of the midline (ex. stomach)

Bilateral

two copies, one on both sides of the midline (ex. lungs)

Ipsilateral (when comparing two things)

on the same side of the body

Contralateral (when comparing two things)

on opposite sides of he body

Flexion

decreasing the ANGLE of a joint

Extension

increasing the ANGLE of a joint

Adduction

MOVEMENT towards midline

Abduction

MOVEMENT away from the midline

Medial Rotation

ROTATION towards midline (like a sickled foot)

Lateral Rotation

ROTATION away from midline (like “turning out”)

Opposition: hand

fingers touching thumb

Reposition: hand

fingers back to original position (from thumb touching finger)

Dorsiflextion: foot

upward movement of foot or ankle (like “flex)

Plantarlexion: foot

downward movement of foot or ankle (like “point”)

Protraction: jaw

movement towards anterior (transverse plane)

Retraction: jaw

movement toward posterior

Supination: hand

movement of palm up/ back of the hand is face down

Pronation

movement of palm down/ back of the hand facing up

Elevation

MOVEMENT towards superior

Depression

MOVEMENT toward inferior

Inversion

foot rolls outward (big toe up)

Eversion

foot rolls inward (little toe up)

Circumduction

360 degree motion

Frontal

forehead

Orbital

eyes

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Buccal

cheeck

Mental

chin

Cervical

neck

Occipital

back of the head

Deltoid

shoulders

Axillary

armpits

Pectoral (anterior view)

chest area

Sternal (anterior view)

center of chest

Abdominal

stomach

Brachial

(upper) arm

Antecubital (anterior view)

elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

Palmar (anterior view)

palm

Digital

fingers/ toes

Inguinal

groin (not like the actual vagina, it is actually the 2 triangle areas around the pubic region)

Coxal

hip?

Femoral

femur (upper leg)

Patellar (anterior view)

knee cap

Crural (anterior view)

leg (front of the lower leg)

Tarsal

ankle

Dorsum (hand; anterior view)

back of the hand

Dorsum (foot)

top of the foot

Plantar

sole of the foot

Olecranol (posterior view)

back of the elbow

Sural (posterior view)

calf

Calcaneal

heel

Vertebral (posterior view)

spinal column

Thoracic (posterior view)

shoulder blades

Lumbar (posterior view)

lower back

Sacral (posterior view)

triangle bone at the base of the spine?

Gluteal (posterior view)

butt/ glutes

Popliteal (posterior view)

back of the knee