Special Senses - Olfaction & Gustation

Flashcards based on lecture notes about sensation, olfaction, and gustation.

__ is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.

Sensation

For a sensation to occur, four elements are required: a stimulus, a sensory __, a conduction, and an interpretation.

receptor

__ respond to stimuli by generating action potentials that are propagated to the spinal cord & brain.

Sensory receptors

__ results when action potentials reach the cerebral cortex.

Perception

__ are bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations.

Free Nerve Endings

__ are dendrites enclosed in a connective tissue capsule for pressure, vibration, and some touch sensations.

Encapsulated Nerve Endings

__ detect mechanical pressure, provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium.

Mechanoreceptors

__ detect light that strikes the retina of the eye.

Photoreceptors

__ sense the osmotic pressure of body fluids.

Osmoreceptors

__ senses provide sensory information about the body & environment.

Somatic

__ senses provide information about various internal organs; primarily involving pain and pressure.

Visceral

Olfactory epithelium occupies the upper portion of the nasal cavity containing __ cells (olfactory neurons), which are first order neurons of the olfactory pathway.

olfactory receptor

Axons of olfactory bulb neurons form the __ tract.

olfactory

The primary __ cortex processes the olfactory information, allowing us to perceive the odour.

olfactory

Receptors for taste sensations are located in __ buds.

taste

In the tongue, taste buds are located in elevations called the __.

papillae

__ receptor cells are separate cells; they do not have axons but rather synapse with dendrites of first-order neurons.

Gustatory

Primary neurons extend from gustatory cells of the tongue through the cranial nerves & and synapse in the nucleus solitarius located in the medulla oblongata.

CN VII, CN IX

Tertiary neurons extend from the thalamus and terminate in the primary __ cortex in the insula of the cerebrum.

gustatory

__ detect changes in temperature.

Thermoreceptors

__ are sensory receptors that detect chemicals in the environment.

Chemoreceptors

__ is the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information to give it meaning.

Interpretation

__ are the sensory receptors responsible for the sense of equilibrium.

Vestibular receptors

__ is the inability to perceive or interpret sensory information correctly.

Agnosia

__ is the receptors that respond primarily to light stimuli in low-light conditions.

Rods

__ are photoreceptors that detect color and are more active in bright light.

Cones

What are the types of sensory receptors responsible for detecting chemicals in the environment?

Chemoreceptors

What term describes the inability to perceive or interpret sensory information correctly?

Agnosia

What type of receptor responds primarily to light stimuli in low-light conditions?

Rods

Which receptors are responsible for detecting color and are more active in bright light?

Cones

What is the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information?

Interpretation

What type of receptors are responsible for the sense of equilibrium?

Vestibular receptors

What detects changes in temperature within the body?

Thermore