Respitory Practice Test

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What are the two main processes of the respiratory system?

External ventilation (air movement in and out of lungs) and internal diffusion (gas exchange between alveoli and blood).

What percentage of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin in the blood?

Approximately 98%.

What type of pleural effusion is characterized by protein-rich fluid?

Exudative pleural effusion.

What is a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Sepsis.

Which of the following hinders ventilation?

Mucus, bronchoconstriction (COPD, Asthma), and airway blockages.

What is a symptom of pneumothorax?

Absent breath sounds, severe distress, asymmetrical chest expansion, and cyanosis.

What are common causes of restrictive lung diseases?

Obesity, neuromuscular diseases, and scoliosis.

What are treatment options for asthma?

β2-agonists, corticosteroids, and supplemental oxygen.

What symptoms are associated with pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, and hypoxia.

What is cor pulmonale?

Right-sided heart failure due to lung disease.

Is ventilation the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

True.

Is diffusion the gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries?

True.

Do elastin fibers in the lungs affect lung stretchability?

True.

Does surfactant reduce alveolar surface tension?

True.

Is pleural effusion the buildup of air in the pleural cavity?

False; it is the buildup of fluid.

Is atelectasis the collapse of lung/alveoli due to obstruction, compression, or surfactant loss?

True.

Is interstitial lung disease (ILD) an extrinsic restrictive lung disease?

False; it is intrinsic.

Can acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) be caused by sepsis?

True.

Does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include emphysema and chronic bronchitis?

True.

Is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) primarily caused by obesity and airway obstruction?

True.

Can pulmonary embolism (PE) be caused by a blood clot from deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

True.

Can pulmonary hypertension (PH) result from chronic hypoxia?

True.

Is spirometry in obstructive lung diseases characterized by a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio?

True.

Does a high V/Q ratio indicate ventilation without perfusion?

True.

Is respiratory acidosis characterized by low CO2 levels?

False; it is characterized by high CO2 levels.

Is metabolic acidosis characterized by low HCO3 levels?

True.

Can metabolic alkalosis be caused by vomiting?

True.

Is pulmonary function testing (PFT) used to diagnose obstructive and restrictive lung diseases?

True.

Does a low V/Q ratio indicate perfusion without ventilation?

True.