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Pork Barrel Spending
Legislation that directs specific funds to projects within districts or states.
Logrolling
Trading votes on legislation to get their earmarks passed into legislation
Oversight
Efforts by Congress to ensure laws are implemented and/or investigate president/executive branch. Conducting investigations/hearings.
Earmark
setting money aside for specific district or state.
Constituency
Body of voters in given area who elect a representative or Senator.
Apportionment
process of determining number of representative for each state.
Redistricting
States redraw boundaries of electoral districts following each census.
Gerrymandering
Intentional use of redistricting to benefit a specific interest or group.
Partisan Gerrymandering
Drawing district boundaries into strange shapes to benefit a political party.
Majority-Minority Districts
Districts where voters of a minority ethnicity constitute an electoral majority within that electoral district.
malapportionment
Uneven distribution of population between legislative districts. Unconstitutional under 14th amendment
Incumbency
Political official currently in office
Incumbency Advantage
Advantages held by those in office during election
Speaker of the House
Leader of House of Representative. Powerful.
House majority leader
2nd in command in House.
Whip
Ensure party unity. collect info on how individuals and if they’re voting correctly .
Political Action Committees (PACs)
organization that raise money for candidates/campaigns.
“To make money and friends”
Senate Majority Leader
Most powerful position in Senate. Majority party.
Committee Chairs
Leader of Congressional committee. Considerable influence over committee agenda/process.
Discharge Petition
Motion filed by Congress move a bill out of committee and onto floor of House for voting.
House Rules Committee
Powerful committee determine when a bill will be debated/voted on. How long debated etc,
Committee of Whole
All member of House meet in chamber governed by different rule making easier to consider complex and controversial legislation.
Hold
delay placed on legislation by senator who object to bill
Unanimous Consent Agreements
agreement in Senate that set term for consideration of a bill
Filibuster
power to talk and talk a bill to death
Cloture
way to end a filibuster. 3/5 of Senate agree.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
established to assist the president in setting national spending priorities.
Entitlement Programs