Chapter 3: The Self

self-knowledge or self concept

a set of beliefs about oneself

interpersonal/public self

the image of the self that is conveys to others

agent self (executive function)

the part of the self involved in control, including both control over people and self-control

independent self-construal

emphasizes what makes the self different and sets it apart from others

interdependent self-construal

emphasizes what connects the self to other people and groups

social roles

the different roles a person plays

self-awareness

action directed at the self, and usually involves evaluating the self

private self-awareness

attenting to ones inner states (emotions, thoughts, desires, and traits

public self-awareness

attending to how one is perceived by others

standards

ideas (concepts) of how things might possibly go, such as ideals, norms, expectations, etc.

public self-conscious

the tendency to think about how other perceive you

private self-consciousness

the tendency to think about one’s inner thoughts and feelings

self-regulation

the process people use to control and change their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

looking-glass self

the idea that we learn about ourselves from how others judge you (Charles Horton Cooley)

generalized other

a combination of other people’s views that tells you who are what you are (George Herbert Mead)

introspection

the process by which a person examines the contents of his or her mind and mental states

social comparison

examining the difference between oneself and another person

upward social comparisons

comparing yourself to people better than you

downward social comparisons

comparing yourself to people worse off than you

self-perception theory

the theory that people observe their own behavior to in fer what they are thinking abd how they are feeling

over-justification effect

the tendency for intrinsic otivation to diminisha ctivitites that have become associated with rewards

intrinsic motivation

wanting to perform an acitivityfor its own sakee

extrinsic motivation

performing an activiity because of osmehting that results from it

the phenomenal self (working self-concept)

the image of self that is currently active in the person’s thoughts

appraisal motive

the simple desire to learn the truth about oneself

self-enhancement motive

the desire to learn favorable or flattering things about the self

consistency motive

a desire to get feeback that confirms what the peron already believes abotu themself

self-handicapping

putting obstacles in the way of one’s own performance so that anticipated or possible failure can be blamed on the obstacle instead of on lack of ability

automatic egotism

response by the automatic system that “everything good is me, and everything bad is not me

self-reference effect

the finding that information bearing on the self is processed more thoroughly and more deeply, and hence remembered better, than other information

endownment effect

the finding that items gain in value to the person who owns them

self-esteem

how favorable someone evaluates themselves

self-deception strategies

mental tricks people use to help them believe things that are false

self-serving bias

leads people to claim credit for success and deny blame for failure; internal attributions for success, external attributions for failure

self-protection

trying to avoid loss of esteem

sociometer

a measure of how desirable one would be to other people

narcissism

excessive self-love and a selfish orientaion

self-presentation

any behavior that seeks to convery some image of self or some information about the self to other people