Chapter 8 - Transport in Humans

Waste materials

________ from the tissue cells diffuse into the interstitial fluid, where they are present in higher concentrations than within the blood.

entry of pathogens

The clot prevents further blood loss, and also restricts the ________ into the blood.

Phagocytosis

refers to the ingestion of harmful foreign particles, bacteria and dead or dying cells by certain types of white blood cells called phagocytes.

thrombokinase

The enzyme released by the damaged tissue and activated platelets

human circulatory system

The main vessels of the ________ are: (a) Pulmonary arteries that supply oxygen- poor blood from the heart to the lungs (b) Pulmonary veins that bring oxygen- rich blood from the lungs to the heart (c) Aorta that supplies oxygen- rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Fibrin

Threadlike structures that form a mesh across the damaged surface and traps red blood cells, forming a clot.

Capillaries

microscopic vessels that connect between the arteries and veins.

septum

The structure that separates the right and left sides prevent the blood from mixing, so that the maximum amount of oxygen can be carried to the tissues.

phagocytes

Cells that detect a foreign particle and engulf it by stretching itself around the particle and enclosing it.

higher concentration of nutrients

There is a(n) ________ and oxygen in blood than in the interstitial fluid.

fibrinogen

a soluble plasma protein converted to fibrin by thrombin.

C

(________) Veins- Vessels that return blood to the heart.

coronary artery

If it occurs in a(n) ________, a heart attack takes place.

Bicuspid valves and tricuspid valves

The two valves collectively known as atrioventricular valves.

coronary arteries

Vessels that are found on the heart surface itself, and supply blood to the heart muscles.

interstitial fluid

The solution bathing tissue cells becomes known as tissue fluid, or ________.

Double circulation

The process that describes that blood passes through the heart twice in a complete circuit.

Veins

Vessels that return blood to the heart

Pulmonary

arteries that supply oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Hepatic portal vein

Vessel that transports blood from the alimentary canal to the liver.

Antibodies

special proteins found in blood and other bodily fluids that help phagocytes identify and neutralise foreign particles.

Pericardial fluid

The fluid between the two layers cardiac muscles, which reduces friction when the heart beats

atherosclerosis

cause of coronary heart disease