Introduction to Computer Programming - Test 3 Review

What are tuples

a collection of data that is immutable

How to create a tuple

coordinates = (1, 2, 3, 4)

What are named tuples

they allow the programmer to define a new data type that consist of named attributes

How to create a named tuple

name1 = namedtuple("name1", ["detail1", "detail2", "detail3"])

What is a set

an unordered collection of unique elements

How to create a set

nums1 = set([1, 2,3])

How to create a set literal

nums1 = {1, 2, 3}

Does indexing in sets work?

No, because the sets are unordered

How to find the number of elements in a set

len(set)

How to add elements in set2 to set1

set1.update(set2)

How to add value into the set

set.add(value)

How to remove value from the set

set.remove(value)

How to remove a random element from the set

set.pop()

How to clear all elements from the set

set.clear()

What are dictionaries

they contain references to objects as key-value pairs

Syntax for creating dictionary

dict(reference="pair", reference1="pair2")

dict([("reference", "pair"), ("reference2, "pair2")])

how to retrieve the value associated with a key

my_dict[key]

how to add an entry

my_dict[key] = value

how to delete the key from the dictionary

del my_dict[key]

how to test for existence of key in my_dict

key in my_dict

how to remove all items from the dictionary

my_dict.clear()

How to read the value of the key from the dictionary

my_dict.get(key, default):

How to merge dictionary1 with dictionary2

my_dict.update(my_dict2)

my_dict.pop(key, default)

removes and return the key value from the dictionary

How to return a view object that only yields (key, value)

dict.item()

How to return a view object that yields dictionary keys

dict.keys()

How to return a view object that yields dictionary values

dict.values()

How to open a file

open()

How to close a file

file.close()

how to return the file contents as a string

file.read()

How to return a list of strings

file.readlines()

How to write a string argument to a file

file.write()

How to open the file for reading

open("file_name", "r")

How to open the file for writing

open("file_name", "w")

How to open the file for appending

open("file_name", "a")

What is error-checking code

code that a programmer introduces to detect and handle errors that occur while the program executes

What is a try block

code that could be potentially ran

What is an except block

any error that occur, the code is run through here

What is EOFError

input() hits an end-of-file condition without reading any input

What is KeyError

a dictionary key is not found in the set of keys

What is ZeroDivisionError

cannot be divided by zero

What is ValueError

invalid value

What is IndexError

index is out of bounds

What is raise

used to detect an error and cause an immediate exit from the try block

What is a class

user defined type of object containing groups of related variables and functions

What is attribute

the data and behavior of the class

What is an instance

an individual object of the given class

How to create a class?

class ClassName:

def __init__(self):

self.attribute1

self.attribute2

What is method

the function defined within a class

How are attributes accessed?

through dot notation