Unit 5 MWH

Thirty Years War

Major religious conflict in Europe over religion. Broken into 4 phases. 1st two phases are about religion and localized. Last two phases are about politics and are continental.

Absolutism

Form of government in which a single ruler has total or absolute power over all aspects of the country.

Constitutional Democracy

Form of government in which the majority of the government is bound by a constitution.

King James I of England

Protestant king of England. Believed to be secretly Catholic.

Iroquois Confederacy

A constitutional form of government. Located in New York. Composed of an alliance of 5 indigenous groups.

Divine Right of Kings

The belief that the right to rule comes straight from God.

Glorious Revolution

The bloodless overthrow of James II followed by the installation of his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange

English Bill of Rights

act passed by parliament, that ensured the superiority of parliament over the monarchy.

Scientific Revolution

A major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700 in which modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world

The Enlightenment

a new age of reason in which people discussed how governments and social institutions could be based upon rational understanding

Enlightened Despots of Europe

\n Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightened spirit. They supported the philosophe's ideas, but they weren't willing to give up their power. All they wanted to do was make their countries stronger and their own rule more effective.

Scientific Method

the steps scientists use to create explanations based on the evidence they gather. Idea by Francis Bacon.

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Citizen

•It is a document - written in response to the 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen' - meant to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sex equality. Written by Olympe de Gouges

Olympe de Gouges

Branded a traitor and sent to the guillotine in France for attempting to organize women. Said that women should have the right to vote, hold office, own property, and serve in the military.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Called for reforms (changes) to give women the same education as men.

Francis Bacon

English lawyer, statesman, philosopher, and scientist. Created the scientific method.

Nicolas Copernicus

an astronomer who discovered that the Sun is the center of the universe (Heliocentric Theory) and the planets and stars revolved around it.

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer and mathematician who built his own telescope and found four moons revolving around Jupiter. Was forced by the church court known as the Inquisition to swear that the geocentric theory was true.

Isaac Newton

Discovered the laws of gravity

Margaret Cavendish

She was not afraid to share her opinion. In some of her works for philosophy she situates her own views against a commentary on several leading thinkers of her day. Her philosophical writings were mostly about the issues of metaphysics and natural philosophy, but also wrote and talked about social and political concerns.

John Locke

Believed that a government should be overthrown by the people if it fails to protect their rights

Montesquieu

Famous for the idea of having three branches of government so that no one branch may have too much power. “Separation of Powers”

Thomas Hobbes

Englishman who wrote that human beings are naturally cruel, selfish and greedy. Believed that there should be absolute (unlimited) rule by kings.

Voltaire

believed in religious tolerance and freedom of speech