Unit 1 Checklist Cards

for practical part of exam

skeletal muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

epithelial tissue

cartilage tissue

adipose tissue

cortical (compact )bone tissue

spongey bone tissue

long bone

flat bone

irregular bone

osteon

what is this structure

concentric lamellae

rings that form around the haversian canal of an osteon

interstitial lamellae

fills the space between osteons

central artery

the artery found in the central canal is called…

perforating artery

connects the central canal to the periosteum

periosteum

dense connective tissue that covers the external surface of the osteon

epidermis

outermost layer of the skin made up of stratified squamous epithelium

stratum corneum

Outermost layer (visible, dead skin cells)

stratum lucidum

only found in thick skin (palms) & contains cornified cells that gives of translucent look

stratum granulosum

full of granules

stratum spinosum

contains langerhans cells & has many layers of keratinocytes

stratum basale

deepest layer, where cell division happens to make keratinocytes

dermis

middle layer of the skin

hair follicle

found in the (deep) reticular layer, where the hair grows out of

arrector pili muscle

smooth muscle attached near the hair follicle that pulls hair in erect

sebaceous gland

secretes sebum (oil)

sweat gland

thermoregulation & “body odor”

Pacinian gland

touch receptor involving deep pressure and vibration; shaped like an onion

Meissner gland

touch receptor responsible for light touch; shaped like an onion

frontal lobe

motor control, abstract thought, planning and personality

parietal lobe

sensation, association, spatial awareness

temporal lobe

memory, language

occipital lobe

vision, back of the brain

cerebellum

“Little brain;” balance coordination

thalamus

directs signals to different lobes of the brain

hypothalamus

in charge of homeostasis, secretes hormones and maintains general body functions (sleep, hunger, etc…)

pituitary gland

small, pea sized; in charge of hormone production

corpus callosum

connects hemispheres

third ventricle

in between the area of the corpus callosum idrk

fourth ventricle

goes through temporal lobe and brainstem and cerebellum in midsagittal view

fifth ventricle

guess somewhere below the 4th ventricle i guess… supposedly at the bottom of the spinal cord

brainstem

made up of the midbrain, pons and medulla

mid brain

closest to the brain, part of the brainstem

pons

fattest part and in the middle of the brainstem

medulla

closest to the spinal cord

white matter

where the posterior/anterior horns sit on top of; it surrounds the gray matter

anterior median fissure

booty crack of the anterior

anterior horn

fatter part of the gray matter; closer towards the anterior median fissure

posterior horn

longer, skinnier part of the gray matter

lateral horn

in between the anterior and posterior horns; processes autonomic information

central canal

in the middle of the gray matter, contains CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

conus medullaris

tapered at the end of the spinal cord; “cone shaped end”

cauda equina

collection of nerve roots the end before the sacral region

filum terminale

part of the spinal cord that is anchored to the coccyx

anterior root (Spinal nerve component)

passes motor information

posterior root (Spinal nerve component)

passes sensory information; comes here after passing through the spinal ganglion

anterior ramus (Spinal nerve component)

passes both sensory and motor information; comes here after passing anterior root.

posterior ramus (Spinal nerve component)

passes both sensory and motor information; start of the signal pathway through the spinal nerve

spinal ganglion (Spinal nerve component)

usually labeled on the posterior side; comes here after passing through posterior ramus → spinal nerve -→ -blank-

spinal nerve (Spinal nerve component)

contains the rami, ganglion; the component before the split of the roots

cervical vertebra

top part of the spinal cord

Atlas (C1)

hold the skull; first vertebra of the cervical vertebrae

axis (C2)

contains the dens and is the second vertebra of the cervical vertebrae

Dens landmark on Axis (C2)

the protrusion on the axis that acts as a pivot that allows the atlas and attached head to rotate on the axis, side to side.

body of a cervical vertebra

fairly smaller than the thoracic and lumbar body.

bifid spinous process of a cervical vertebra

long portion of the vertebra, splits into 2

transverse process of a cervical vertebra

“wings” of the body; protrude transversely

transverse foramen of a cervical vertebra

holes on the transverse process

body of a thoracic vertebra

looks like a crow overall; body is fairly big but smaller than the lumbar vertebrae

spinous process of a thoracic vertebra

Long, inferiorly angled

transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

wings that protrude but NOT from the body; connected with pedicle

transverse costal facet of a thoracic vertebra

functions for rib articulation, end of the transverse process

superior articular process of a thoracic vertebra

on the lateral view; pointy part; superior to the spinous process of thoracic vertebra

inferior articular process of a thoracic vertebra

can be seen in lateral view; first large bump before the spinous process of thoracic body extends

body of a lumbar vertebra

biggest part out of the three types of vertebrae because it’s used for support

spinous process of a lumbar vertebra

somewhat stubbier than the other two types of vertebrae;

transverse process of a lumbar vertebra

also extends after a pedicle; but look for a bigger body and smaller spinous process to tell the difference.

superior articular process of a lumbar vertebra

most superior part of the lumbar vertebrae; it sticks out the most so you can see; easy to tell

inferior articular process of a lumbar vertebra

can be seen in lateral view; lowkey extends out a lot more than other inferior processes

sacral promontory of a sacrum

anterior (front) projecting edge; can be seen better in lateral view

median sacral crest of a sacrum

the most protruding, middle part of the sacrum in posterior view; DO NOT MIX UP WITH MEDIAL

anterior sacral foramina of a sacrum

the holes of the sacrum; exit for the rami

posterior sacral foramina of a sacrum

on the back side; next to the MEDIAN sacral crest; exit for the rami

coccyx

small, triangular bone that articulates with inferior end of sacrum; AKA: tailbone (3-4 infused series of vertebrae)