Overview of Research Methods in Psychology

Experimental Method

A research method where the researcher manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable while controlling other variables.

Correlational Study

A research method that examines the relationship between two variables without manipulating them; it cannot show cause and effect.

Naturalistic Observation

Observing and recording behavior in a natural environment without interfering with the situation.

Case Study

A detailed investigation of a single individual, group, or event, often used to study rare phenomena.

Survey Method

A research method that collects data from a large group of people through questionnaires or interviews.

Longitudinal Study

A research method that follows and studies the same group of individuals over a long period of time.

Cross-Sectional Study

A research method that compares individuals of different ages or groups at a single point in time.