Unit 1

E Pluribus Unum

The national motto of the United States meaning "out of many, one," symbolizing the unity of the thirteen colonies into one strong nation.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention counting each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of representation in the House of Representatives.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America, driven by values like political and economic freedom, self-government, and self-reliance.

Missouri Compromise

Agreement admitting Maine as a free state to maintain the balance between free and slave states, highlighting the struggle for control of the Senate.

Sectionalism

Disputes among the North, South, and West over issues like land prices, slavery, tariffs, and internal improvements, reflecting the nation's divisions.

Articles of Confederation

Document that made states more powerful than the federal government, leading to debates over states' rights and the balance of power.

Tariff Disputes

Conflicts between the North and South over high tariffs favored by the North to protect its industries and low tariffs desired by the South for cheaper imported goods.

Economic Differences

Contrast between the agricultural South and industrial North, leading to divergent economic needs and cultural distinctions, dating back to Colonial times.

Secession

Act of Southern states leaving the Union following Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860, culminating in the formation of the Confederate States of America and the Civil War.

Military Advantages

Factors favoring the Confederates during the Civil War, including excellent leadership, a strong military tradition, and the defensive position on home ground.

Advantages of the North:

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Disadvantages of the South:

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War Aims:

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To preserve national sovereignty and, as the war went on, to end slavery.

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To preserve state sovereignty and slavery.

Strategies of the North:

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Technological Developments in the Civil War:

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Major Civil War Battles:

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Reconstruction Period:

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