Test - Population Health

Wellness

Life Satisfaction or Gratification from Living

Well-Being

Happiness & Meaning & Self-Realization

Population Health

refers broadly to the distribution of health outcomes within a population, the health determinants that influence distribution, and the policies and interventions that affect those determinants.

how health outcomes are distributed within a population & also comparing populations to each other

Determinant

A definable entity that causes or is associated with or induced a health outcome (so ‘this’ leads to ‘this’) (ex. SES, Education, Upbringing, Genetic Predisposition and etc).

Population

more than one individual that share one or more common characteristic (ex. people living in waterloo)

It can be defined geographically, by sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors and other common characteristics.

Community

1. A group of people who have a common characteristics (can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or other common bonds)

2. Individuals with shared affinity, and perhaps geography, who organize around an issue, with collective discussion, decision-making, and action - acting on behalf of the community.

Population Pyramids

Often used to display changes in age distributions that occur over time; ___ examples of looking at statistics in a unique way to understand what’s happening here.

Fixed Population

A Type of Population; membership is based on an event and is permanent. (population status completely the same the entire time)

Dynamic Population

A Type of Population; Membership is based on a condition and is transitory. (not steady state, people die/people are born; never an extended moment in time where population is completely the same)

Purpose of Population Health Science

provides us with the science and tells us what we need to know to understand what it is that causes health, so that then, in public health, we can intervene to make populations better

Public Health

The broad set of efforts that attempt to achieve prevention and treatment using large scale efforts for the population in consideration.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems; tool we use in evaluating population health problems.

Distribution

• determining who is impacted more by a certain disease or health condition

• Patterns of morbidity and mortality vary across subgroups of a population; these variations show how disease & determinants have different ————- according to different demographics, social and behavioural characteristics

Example of a Population-Level Health Determinant

Population-Level Determinants impacts everybody in a certain way.

Ex. Herd Immunity

• not everyone in the community is vaccinated.

• Measles is highly infectious and can be easily controlled through vaccines

• R0 is how many people tend to get infected in the absence of a vaccine

• need a higher threshold for vaccination.

• One person cannot create a population level immunity; a lot pf people need to be vaccinated & immune creates population level immunity

Disability

Temporary or Long-term reduction of a person’s capacity to function in society

Health State/Health Status

the health of an individual at any point in time

Quality of Life

Broad construct reflecting a subjective or objective judgement concerning all aspects of an individual’s existence, including health, economic, political, cultural, environmental, aesthetic and spiritual aspects

ex. QOLS is a psychometric measure talking about material well-being, financial security, health, relationships with others, having a family — contribute globally to your ________

Health-Related Quality of Life

The impact of the health aspects of an individual’s life on his or her quality of life or overall well-being.

Quality-Adjusted Life Year

A measure of health outcome that assigns to each period of time a weight, ranging from 0 to 1, corresponding to the health-related quality of life during that period of time a weight, ranging from 0 to 1, corresponding to the health-related quality of life during that period, in which a weight of 1 corresponds to optimal health and a weight of 0 corresponds to a health state judged equivalent to death; these are then aggregated across time periods; combines length of life and quality of life

Variance

A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations (ex. standard deviation, range, skewness, gini coefficient)

Gini Coefficient

Type of Variance; rank that looks at economic inequality

Cause

Anything producing an effect or result

Factor

an event, characteristics, or other definable entity that brings about a change in a health condition or other defined outcome; a casual role may be implied

Risk Factor

• An attribute that is associated with an increased probability for a specific outcome, not necessarily a causal factor

• An attribute or exposure that increases the probability of disease or other specified outcome, a determinant

• A determinant that can be modified by intervention, thereby reducing the probability of disease or other specified outcome

Association or Correlation

a statistical dependence between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. The presence of an ______does not necessarily imply a causal relationship

Dependent Variable

A variable whose value is dependent on the effects of the other variables in the relationship under study; usually the outcome

Independent Variable

The characteristics being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable) in the defined area of relationship under study; describes whether you are seeing positive or negative

Regression Analysis

Process of finding the best mathematical model to describe a dependent variable as a function of the independent variables or to predict the dependent variable from the independent variables

Causality

The Relationship of causes to the effects they produce

Grounded Theory

a theory that provides tools for data collection, data analysis and synthesis where theory emerges inductively from the data, through interaction between the data and its interpretation by the analyst

• take stories and creating a theory on how it is connected; building a theory from the ground up