Geography: types of landforms created do tjr waves create

What is a Wave-Cut Notch?

A hollow or small "dent" at the base of a cliff caused by wave erosion between high and low tide marks

What is a Wave-Cut Platform

A flat area of rock or "rocky floor" left behind at the base of a retreating cliff

Define a Headland

A piece of hard rock that sticks out into the sea

What is a Spit

A depositional landform; it is an extended beach of sand joined to the land at one end

What is a Stack

An isolated pillar of rock that has been detached from a headland

What is a Stump

The low-lying remains or "small nub" of a collapsed stack

What is a Salt Marsh

An area of coastal grassland frequently flooded by seawater, often found in the sheltered area behind a spit

How does Wave Energy influence the coast?

High-energy destructive waves erode the coast, while low-energy constructive waves build it up through deposition

How does Rock Type (Lithology) affect landforms

Hard rocks (like Granite) erode slowly to form headlands; soft rocks (like Clay) erode quickly to form bays

What is Fetch and why does it matter

Fetch is the distance the wind blows over the water; a longer fetch creates more powerful waves.

What is the correct sequence of headland erosion

Crack → Cave → Arch → Stack → Stump

How does a Cave turn into an Arch

Erosion (like abrasion and hydraulic action) eventually breaks through the back of the cave

How is a Spit formed

When the coastline changes direction, Longshore Drift continues to move sediment out into open water, creating a long ridge of sand

What type of wave energy is typical for the UAE Coastline

Low-energy waves

Is the UAE coast dominated by erosion or deposition

Deposition

Give three examples of coastal features found in the UAE

Sandy beaches, spits/salt marshes, and artificial landforms like Palm Jumeirah