very important CNT HEPATITIS

what Hepatitis is a common infection in conditions of poor sanitation, overcrowding & fecal contaminated food and water & contaminated blood on hands

Hepatitis A (HAV)

Which hepatitis is spread through contact with contaminated blood & blody fluids (unprotected sex) & is a double stranded DNA containing virus?

Hepatitis B (HBV)

How long can HBV survive outside the body?

at least 7 days & can still cause infection

How long can HAV live outside the body?

for months depending on conditons (It’s killed by heating to temperatures above 185 degrees)

symptoms of HAV?

Abrupt onset: abdominal discomfort, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, dark urine, jaundice) (symptoms last less than 2 months)

what can HBV cause?

lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer/failure, and death

(HBV can be treated**)

What is the most common chronic bloodborne viral infection in the US & it’s a virus containing a single strand of RNA that is transmitted by injection drug use or exposure to infected blood?

Hepatitis C (HCV) (seee i told you not to do drugs)

How long can hepatitis C remain viable outside the body??

for 4-5 days

consequences of Hepatitis C

15 to 25% clear their infection without further problems

the remainder 75-85 develop chronic infection

60-70 will go on to develop chronic hepatitis (inflam of the liver)

symptoms of HCV?

onset is insidious & accompanied by nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and jaundice (similar to HBV but more prolonged)

which hepatitis is a defective virus that required concurrent HBV infection in order to develop it?

Hepatitis D

how is hepatitis D transmitted?

through mucosal contact with infectious blood

there is no vaccine for HDV however, there is a vaccination against HBV which is effective for D too

How is Hepatitis E transmitted?

LIke Hepatits A, through fecal-oral transmission, but where drinking water is contaminated by feces. HEV is rarely seen in the US

What is the prevention of Hepatitis in acupuncture settings?

clean needle technique was developed in 1984 to provide guidlines to prevent this

Hepat. B had decreased a lot since then

What is HIV (human immunodeficiency disease)? (aids)

it’s an rna containing virus that lead to so many problems such as declining immune function that leads to an end stage syndrome in untreated patients called AIDS

HIV symptoms? (aids)

fever, malaise, body aches, rash, headache, night sweatsm weight loss, chronic diarrhea

however, some people are relatively healthy & initially only get influenza that resolves spontaneuously so they don’t think anything of it

How long does HIV survive outside the body?

It does NOT survive long outside the body (like on surfaces) & it cannot reproduce outside the body. It dies within minutes if the temperature is not right for its survival

what is the risk of transmitting HIV from healthcare workers to patients vice versa?q

very low

treatment of HIV?

No treatment or vaccine for aids, but medications are used to slow progression of the disease

Basic principles to prevent disease in acu practices

1. follow CNT for acu

2. use only single use sterile filiform needles

3. use single use sterile needles that enter the skin (like lacets & 7 star hammers)

4. clean hands immediately before any clinical procedure-insert needles, after contact w body fluid)

5. always establish a clean field to ensure sterility of the needle shaft

6. Immediately isolate used needles & other sharps in appropriate sharps container

   1. DO NOT NEEDLE or treat ares of skin with active lesions

      (have a yearly physical w tests for this, cover all cuts, wounds covered on yourself, wash hands)