Spinal Cord

The spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral column

The spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral column

No

The end of the spinal cord (conus medullaris) in adults is between L1 and L2

Yes

Dorsal funiculus in the cervical segments contains fasciculus gracilis, laterally and fasciculus cuneatus, medially

No

The spinal cord ends caudally at the coccyx

No

The conus medullaris:

A) exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement

B) has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament

C) gives origin to most of the cauda equina

D) is found at its lowest extent at S2

E) is normally anesthetised to perform a spinal tap

C) gives origin to most of the cauda equina

A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers?

A) motor to the deep back muscles

B) motor to the pectoralis major muscle

C) sensory from the skin overlying the trapezius

D) sympathetic preganglionics to the suprarenal medulla

E) visceral efferents to the stomach

C) sensory from the skin overlying the trapezius

The denticulate ligament:

A) is a modification of pia mater

B) is found between all dorsal and ventral roots

C) attaches to the dural sac continuously

D) has its terminal attachment at S2

E) holds the radicular arteries in place

A) is a modification of pia mater

In order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove the:

A) Laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flavum

B) Laminae, spinous processes and ligamenta flavum

C) Pedicles, spinous processes and posterior longitudinal ligament

D) transverse processes, pedicles and ligamenta flavum

B) Laminae, spinous processes and ligamenta flavum

T/F Cells that convey information to the CNS are:

A) afferent sensory neurons

B) pseudounipolar cells

C) first neuron is the sensory pathway

D) located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord

E) with peripheral processes ending on somatic or splanchnic receptor

A) afferent sensory neurons

B) pseudounipolar cells

C) first neuron is the sensory pathway

E) with peripheral processes ending on somatic or splanchnic receptor

T/F Dorsal roots of a spinal nerve:

A) are formed by the central processes of sensory neurons in the spinal ganglion

B) enter the venterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord

C) convey somatosensory information

D) are covered with Pia Mater

E) take part in the formation of the spinal nerve

A) are formed by the central processes of sensory neurons in the spinal ganglion

C) convey somatosensory information

E) take part in the formation of the spinal nerve

T/F The ventral roots of a spinal nerve:

A) convey motor information to the skeletal muscles

B) exit through the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord

C) are ensheated with dura mater spinalis

D) originate from interneurons in the ventral horn

E) contain autonomic fibers

A) convey motor information to the skeletal muscles

B) exit through the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord

C) are ensheated with dura mater spinalis

E) contain autonomic fibers

T/F The boundary between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is: A) foramen magnum

B) decussatio pyramidum

C) exit of the first pair of spinal nerves

D) exit of the last pair of cranial nerves

E) cervical enlargment

A) foramen magnum

B) decussatio pyramidum

C) exit of the first pair of spinal nerves

T/F A spinal segment is defined as that region of the spinal cord that:

A) corresponds to a collection of nerves passing up or down within the white matter

B) corresponds to the region of the vertebral column, to which spinal nerves are sent

C) sends rootlets to a particular spinal nerve

D) underlies the neural arch of a particular vertebra in the adult

E) none of the above

C) sends rootlets to a particular spinal nerve

T/F The spinal cord in the adult:

A) usually ends about the level of the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra

B) has its largest cross sectional area at the level of the lower cervical vertebra

C) has an anterior median fissure and a posterior median septum

D) gives origin to the preganglionic fibres of all the parasympathetic nerves

E) receives its blood supply entirely from the vertebral arteries

A) usually ends about the level of the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra

B) has its largest cross sectional area at the level of the lower cervical vertebra

C) has an anterior median fissure and a posterior median septum

T/F The white matter of the spinal cord:

A) contains myelin fibers, non-myelin fibers and blood vessels

B) has three columns

C) has white commissure above the gray commissure

D) has root system and conductive system

E) is covered with arachnoidea

A) contains myelin fibers, non-myelin fibers and blood vessels

B) has three columns

D) has root system and conductive system

T/F The white matter of the spinal cord:

A) is located around the gray matter

B) contains two main fascicles along the whole length of the dorsal column

C) contains fasciculi proprii (own bundles)

D) ventral funiculus contains fasciculus interfasciculatus (bundles of Schultze)

E) ventral funiculus is between ventral median fissure and ventral roots

A) is located around the gray matter

B) contains two main fascicles along the whole length of the dorsal column

C) contains fasciculi proprii (own bundles)

E) ventral funiculus is between ventral median fissure and ventral roots

T/F Grossly the spinal cord presents two swellings which are:

A. cervical and thoracic

B. cervical and lumbar

C. thoracic and lumbar

D. thoracic and sacral

E. lumbar and sacral.

B. cervical and lumbar

T/F All spinal nerves

A) formed by the union of a ventral and dorsal nerve root

B) have a ganglion containing synapses on their dorsal root

C) are names and numbered according to the vertebra below which they emerge

D) receive a grey ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunk

E) give off a white ramus communicans to the sympathetic nerve trunk

A) formed by the union of a ventral and dorsal nerve root

D) receive a grey ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunk

T/F In the spinal cord:

A) there is more white matter in a cross section of the cervical region than the lumbar region

B) the anterior horns of grey matter are larger in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region

C) the fibers associated with the sensations of pain and temperature form a tract in the anterior columns of white matter

D) descending fibers from the motor areas of the brain are found in the lateral and anterior columns of white matter

E) there are no descending fibers in the posterior columns

A) there is more white matter in a cross section of the cervical region than the lumbar region

B) the anterior horns of grey matter are larger in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region

D) descending fibers from the motor areas of the brain are found in the lateral and anterior columns of white matter

FILL IN THE BLANKS

A spinal segment is defined by ......................

the exits of the roots of a spinal nerve

FILL IN THE BLANKS

The trunk of a spinal nerve is formed in ...........................

intervertebral foramen

FILL IN THE BLANKS The spinal cord white matter is organised around the gray matter in three columns called

a) ...............

b) ................

c) .................

A) funiculus dorsalis

B) funiculus lateralis

C) funiculus ventralis

FILL IN THE BLANKS The spinal cord has the following number of segments:

A) cervical = ?

B) thoracic = ?

C) lumbar = ?

D) sacral = ?

E) coccygeal = ?

A) cervical = 8

B) thoracic = 12

C) lumbar = 5

D) sacral = 5

E) coccygeal = 1

FILL IN THE BLANKS The border between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is defined by the following structures:

A) ...................

B) .....................

C) .....................

A) foramen magnum

B) decussatio pyramidum

C) exit of first pair of spinal roots

FILL IN THE BLANKS

In adults, the spinal cord ends caudally at the level of ....................... vertebra

second lumbar vertebra

FILL IN THE BLANKS List three elements at the caudal end of the spinal cord

1-

2-

3-

1) cauda equina

2) conus medullaris

3) filum terminale

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Spinal cord enlargements are found in the ....................... and ...................... regions

cervical and lumbar regions

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE CORRECT ANSWER

A) ventral median fissure

B) epidural space

C) cerebrospinal fluid

D) terminal cistern

1) spinal dura mater

2) subarachnoid space

3) anterior spinal artery

A - 3

B - 1

C - 2

D - 2

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE CORRECT ANSWER

A) posterior funiculus of spinal cord

B) lateral funiculus of spinal cord

C) anterior funiculus of spinal cord

1) ventral corticospinal reflex

2) fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus

3) ventral spinocerebellar tract

A - 2

B - 3

C - 1

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE CORRECT ANSWER

A) grey commissure

B) lateral column

C) ventral median fissure

D) ventrolateral sulcus

1) spinal pia mater

2) ventral root of spinal nerve

3) visceromotor neurons

4) canalis centralis

A - 4

B - 3

C - 1

D - 2