exam 3 world history

Theatre in the classical period: tragedy

athenian, birth of the western theatre, authors would compete against each other with trilogy plays

Aeshcylus

father of western tragedy, Oresteia(only surviving complete trilogy), father comes back from war and his wife murders him and then the son murders his mother

Sophocles

oedipus rex- raised by a shephard because the oracle of Delphi says he will kill his father ends up killing his father and marrying his mother, he gauges out his eyes

Euripedes

medea- golden fleece, her husband leaves her so she kills her children and herself

bacchae- dionyses wants to get back at the king of Thebes so she makes his mother go crazy and kill her son

Aristophanes

most significant play writer for old comedy, lysistra (s3x strike to stop war) and the clouds (mocks philosophy)

Phidias

scuptor designer, Zeus Olympics at olympia, Parthenon (frieze)

Myron

5th century, discobulus, a disc thrower

Praxitiles

the son of Cephisodotus the Elder, was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue.

Macedon

seen as barbarians, single kingdom, phillip 11 and Alexander the great

Phillip the 11

macdonian, 359-336 bc, macdeonian pike(better version of hoplite phalanx), expansion to greece, assassinated in 336, son Alexander becomes knig

Demosthenes of Athens

attacked Phillip in speeches called the philippies, allied with thebes

Battle of Chareonea

The battle was the culmination of Philip's final campaigns in 339–338 BC and resulted in a decisive victory for the Macedonians and their allies.

Alexander the great

ruled for 13 years, took the maceonian empire to the Indus valley and near east, never lost

Darius 111 of persia

he thirteenth and last Achaemenid King of Kings of Persia, reigning from 336 BC to his death in 330 BC, was assassinated by his nobles

Battle of granicus river

334, first big victory over the Persianssecured a foothold in Asia minor for macedonia

Battle of isus

darius ran away from the battle, between the Hellenic League led by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Empire, led by Darius III. It was the second major battle in Alexander's invasion of the Persian empire, and the first encounter between Darius III and Alexander the Great

Trip to oracle of Ammon

alexander is named the son of ammon and actually thinks he is a divine being

Aristotle

family connection with macedons, failed to succeed Plato, Alexanders tutor, school of lyceum, physis vs names, man is a political animal

syllogism

humans two-legs

analytics

induction/deduction

plato

reality reflection of a more concrete world, the unexamined life is not worth living

ptolemy

egypt, lasts the longest of the Hellenistic kingdoms, last ruler was cleopatra

selecuus

the seleucids, physically biggest, Asia minor and mesopotamian

Antigonids

a prominent ruling house in ancient Macedonia that emerged following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. Established by Antigonus I Monophthalmos in 306 BCE, the dynasty faced immediate challenges, as Antigonus was eventually killed in battle

Pergamon

a powerful ancient Greek city-state in Mysia (modern-day Bergama, Turkey) that thrived during the Hellenistic period as the capital of the Attalid dynasty.

ptolemy: the scientist

geocentric theory

aristarchus of samos

heliocentric model, did not catch on

Archimedes of syracuse

close to the actual circumference of the earth

the antikythera mechanism

supposed to track the suns movements, could have started the IR 300 years earlier

cynicism

diogenes of Athens, living like a dog, rejects society inventions, tried to live w/o clothes

epicureanism

epicurus was a philosopher, universe is a random collection of atoms, nothing happens after death, “pleasure seeking”, stay out of things

stoicism

created by Zeno, universe is governed by reason, we are capable of being rational

roman republic, monarchy, empire

3 roman times in history

imperium and emperor

under romans control and one man rule

conquest of italy, expansion into Mediterranean, the roman revolution

3 parts of roman republic

Etruscans

home is tuscany, between arnus and Tiber rivers, 5th bce, non indo European, Jupiter Juno and Minerva start here, freezer women, Rome early kings were Etruscan, chimera of arezzo

Capitoline and palatine

What are the hills in the Roman legend that Romulus and Remus found

Consuls

Roman office, 2 of them, elected by comittee centuries, power of imperium

Praetor

Roman office, only one, power of imperium, elected by centuriate assembly

Council of the plebes

Tribunes are sacrosanct, not the old families that were rich

Censors

Roman office that choose who is in the senate/ expels members, 2 of them,

Senate

Roman, not a legislative body, advised consuls, role was advisory

Dictator

Was anointed during a crisis, consuls would suspend normal roles, a dictator could rule for up to 6 months

Roman republic

People were conservative, an oligarchy, revolution= new things which meant bad

Novus homo

New man, no family tied to the council

College of pontiffs

Directing states religion and calendar

College of augurs

Lifelong priesthood, interpreting the will of gods by signs in the sky

Pontiffs

State religion, chief religious officer in Rome

Numen, nomina

Belief in spirits, holy objects have this sense about them

Vesta virgins

Keep the eternal flame alive and could not marry

Capitoline triad

Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

Paterfamilias

Everybody in the family is controlled by the man in the house

Big group

Clan

Subsection of clan

Praenomen

Nomen

Cognomen

First Punic war

War with Carthage and Rome, Roman’s want to take Sicily, defeat the Carthage and they have to pay a major fine

Second Punic war

Hannibal goes to Spain and then Spain calls for romes help

Ebro treaty

Romans wont go south and Carthage wont go north

Hannibal

Crosses the alps and invades Italy, never lost a battle in Italy, loses the second Punicwar

Hamilcar Barca

First Punic war, Carthage general and is defeated, Hannibal’s grandfather

Battle of canae

216 bc, Hannibal has center withdraw and whole Roman army is killed

Battle of Zamia

202 bc, Rome defeats Carthage and war is over

Cato the elder

Advocating for war with carthage, they siege Carthage and it is a massacre

Scipio aemilianus

Wins third Punic war, with polybius by his side

Declaration of flaminus at Corinth

196 bce Roman general shows up at games in cities of Greece and proclaims that they should free the Greek cities and give them Roman citizenship

Destruction of Corinth

146 bce Rome destroy the Greek city bc Corinth revolts against Rome

Publicani

Tax collectors and sinnners, a corporation that collects taxes

Equestrian class

Not the nobles, the middle class, run the markets, non senatorial elites

Slave revolt in Sicily

136 bce, Rome relied on sicilys food

Tiberius gracchus

The gracchi, land distribution to the poor, elected tribune of the plebs, assasinated for impeaching someone and trying to get reelected

Gaius gracchus

Elected tribune, the gracchi, extend citizenship to Latin rights, subsidized food, suicide, colonizing Carthage

Optimates vs populares

Conservatives vs democrats

Jugurtha

King of numidia, was able to bribe Roman generals and senators, defeated by Marius

Marius

An equestrian, popularus pollitican, eliminates property qualification, army personally loyal to him, defeats Germans in 102

Social war

90-88 bc, Roman citizenship granted to other Italian cities

Sulla

A pletecian, a consul, the people put Marius back in charge so he seizes Rome and then defeated mithirdates, in 82 takes Rome again and becomes dictator

Proscription

A reign of terror in Rome if your name is on the list people get a reward for murdering you

Spartacus

73 bce, a member of the slave class and a gladiator, collected 70k slaves but was defeated

Cicero

Greatest politician in Rome

Mithridates of Pontus

Hated Romans and kills governor, massacres all Italians in his province and the revolts spreads

Pyrrhic war

280-275 bce, tarantula sinks a Roman ship and Rome is going to war so they look to Pyrrhus for help. Win two battles but lose the war