Lecture on Neurobiology and Psychopharmacology

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and key concepts from the lecture on neurobiology and psychopharmacology.

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes all the nerves outside the central nervous system.

Reflex Arc

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action; it involves sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Somatic Nervous System

The part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for voluntary control of body movements.

Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The division of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' functions.

Neuron

A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate signals.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

GABA

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle contraction and memory.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation, and fine motor control.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter that enhances alertness and focus; tied to fight or flight response.

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

A hormone that increases heart rate and energy in response to stress.

Endorphins

Natural pain-relieving chemicals produced by the body.

Amygdala

A brain structure involved in emotion regulation, particularly fear and memory.

Hippocampus

A brain region involved in the formation of memories.

Thalamus

A brain structure that acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.