Intro Biology - Unit 1 & 2 Mix - FINAL - 2024

Nucleus

Contains all genetic information in chromosomes. Densely packed area of DNA.

Mitochondria

Site for respiration; converts sugars into ATP.

Rough ER

Produce proteins to be exported from the cell.

Ribosomes

Produce proteins to be used by the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins produced in the RER to be exported by the cell via exocytosis.

Cell Membrane

Controls entry and exit of nutrients and waste.

Vacuole

In animal cells, they help sequester waste, and in plants they help maintain water balance.

Chloroplast

Produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen release process which sustain plant growth and crop yield.

Lysosome

Digestive system of the cell, serving to both degrade and to digest.

Purines (LARGER)

Adenine and Guanine

Pyrimidines (SMALLER)

Thymine and Cytosine

mRNA

used as a template to make proteins

rRNA

makes up ribosomes

tRNA

matches amino acids to mRNA to help make proteins

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes, the cell's protein builders.

G1

The cell carries out its differentiated functions and produces more organelles.

S (Synthesis)

DNA replicates producing a copy of each chromosome so that each daughter has the right number of chromosomes.

G2

The cell prepares for division (mitosis)

Mitosis

The process in which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells.

Prophase (Mitosis)

Nucleolus dissapears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, formation of miotic spindle.

Metaphase (Mitosis)

Chromosomes align in the metaphase plate and the middle of the cell.

Anaphase (Mitosis)

Chromatids separate towards opposite poles.

Telophase (Mitosis)

New nuclear envelope forms, chromosomes unfold back into chromatin, cell continues to elongate (cytokenisis)

Cytokenisis

The process of cell division where the cell splits.

Malignant Definition

An invasive tumor formed from abnormally replicating cells from nearby tissues.

Metastases Defenition

New tumors throughout the body.

Carcinogen Definition

An agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans.

Tumor Defenition

A mass of cells.

Environmental Factors That Cause Cancer

- Chemicals

- Radiation (Tissue damage)

- Viruses (Rous Sarcoma Virus)