urinary system

metabolic waste

Metabolism: The construction or destruction of molecules needed for your body’s proper working, through chemical reactions.

Metabolism is mainly controlled by thyroid hormones.

Waste: Excess water; Urea which is toxic in high concentrations; Excess salts; Carbon dioxide excreted by the lungs during exhalation, carbon dioxide changes the pH of cells.

Substance in excess of requirements: Any molecule that surpasses the quantity your body requires. Everybody requires a different amount according to their age and BMI.

Toxic materials:

• React badly with your body.
• Is harmful to every organism of a species.
• The body is not able to break it down.

Carbon dioxide

We excrete carbon dioxide through gas exchange in the alveoli, which thin epithelium is designed for constant ventilation and the consequent diffusion of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide is produced when the human body breaks down fats and respire.

Urea

Some amino acids are used for protein synthesis, the ones that are not used for that, are broken down into nitrogen in the liver cells.

This process is called deamination, in which the amino acid is broken down into two groups one with carbon which is stored as glycogen in the liver, and one with nitrogen excess which is turned into ammonia, and then into urea.

Urea is still toxic and the body must get rid of it.

urine

1. Urea leaves from the liver through the blood flowing in the vena cava.
2. Then the blood goes to the heart, then to the lungs, and then through the aorta.
3. It enters the renal arteries and enters the kidneys.
4. The kidneys filter the blood and take out urea.
5. “clean” blood leaves the kidneys through the renal veins.
6. In the kidneys, urine is “compacted” with salts and water in excess of requirements, plus the urea.
7. The urine leaves towards the ureter.
8. From the ureter to the bladder, where it is stored.
9. Then towards the urethra where the urine finally leaves the body according to how the sphincter muscles control the leave.
   • The ureter also releases sperm in males.

kidneys

• Cortex
  • Glomeruli in the cortex or Nephron
  • Filters connected to capillaries.
• Medula
  • Urine is dropped there
• Pelvis
• Ureter

Blood

• Enters through the renal artery and leaves through the renal vein.

osmoregulation

The levels of water in the body are regulated through sweat and the urinary system.

The levels of water in a body rely on the diet (eaten and drunk), how much sweat is produced, and how much water vapor is exhaled.

dialysis

medical treatment for renal insufficiency is made up of a tank with glucose, water, and salts according to their concentrations in the patient’s blood so that the excess can diffuse out of the blood into the tank.

A secondary effect is that it produces a heart imbalance due to the blood being taken out and pumped back again into the body.