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Lineage
the people—living, dead, or unborn— who are descended from a common ancestor
Patrilineal
relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the family of the father
Matrilineal
relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother
Stateless Societies
cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government
Maghrib
a region of western North Africa consisting of the Mediterranean coast lands of what is now Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria
Almoravids
an Islamic religious brotherhood that established an empire in North Africa and southern Spain in the 11th century A.D.
Almohads
a group of Islamic reformers who overthrew the Almoravids’ dynasty and established an empire in North Africa and southern Spain in the 12th century A.D.
Ghana
West African kingdom that grew rich from taxing and controlling trade and established an empire
Mali
West African empire that flourished from 1235 to the 1400s and grew rich from trade
Sundiata
Mali’s first great leader who came to power by crushing a cruel and unpopular ruler
Mansa Musa
the most famous of the African Muslim rulers
Ibn Battuta
a traveler and historian who visited most of the countries in the Islamic world
Songhai
West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from 1400s - 1591
Hausa
West African people who lived in several city-states in what is now northern Nigeria
Yoruba
West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and southern Nigeria
Benin
a kingdom that arose near the Niger River Delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s
Swahili
an Arabic-influenced Bantu language that is spoken widely in eastern and central Africa
Great Zimbabwe
a great city built by the Shona people, which grew into an empire
Mutapa
relating to a southern African empire established by Mutota in the 1500s
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