Reconstructive Memory | International Psychology

Reconstructive Memory

Theory suggests that, in constrast to the flashbulb memory theory, recalled memories aren’t exact replicas of certain events and distort based on schemas, leading questions and schemas.

Post-Event Information

Memory processing based on information provided afterward.

Leading Question

A suggestion that encourages a desired or different answer.

Misinformation Effect

An influence in a recollection of memory.

Testability and Empirical Evidence for Theory

Reconstructive memories can be tested, for example with true experiments which gives high internal validity but low ecological validity.

It has also been shown that false memories can be made through leading questions as in Loftus and Palmer.

Application for Theory

Reconstructive memories can be applied to eyewitness testimonies to gather data.

Construct Validity for Theory

Memories are a hypothetical construct which means they can’t be directly measured, making it difficult to study so conclusions have to be drawn from memory tests and etc.

Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Study that shows leading questions can reconstruct memories.

Neisser and Harsch (1992)

Study that shows flashbulb memories can be distorted and not more reliable than everyday memories.