Feeding the World: Human Nutritional Needs and Agriculture

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to food, nutrition, and agricultural practices discussed in the lecture.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that must consume molecules produced by other living things to survive.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds that supply energy; examples include breads and starches.

Undernutrition

A condition where not enough calories are ingested to maintain health.

Malnourished

Having a diet that lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Food security

Condition where people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs for a healthy life.

Famine

Extreme food insecurity leading to large numbers of deaths in a given area over a short period.

Anemia

A deficiency of iron.

Industrial agriculture

Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization.

Energy subsidy

The fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced.

Green Revolution

A shift in agricultural practices in the 20th century leading to increased food production through new management techniques.

Irrigation

An agricultural practice that provides water to crops, which can lead to problems like waterlogging and salinization.

Organic fertilizer

Fertilizer composed of organic matter from plants and animals.

Monocropping

An agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species.

Pesticide resistance

A trait possessed by certain individuals that survive exposure to a pesticide.

Genetic engineering

The manipulation of an organism's genes to achieve desired traits.

Aquaculture

Farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds.

Sustainable agriculture

Agriculture that meets food and fiber needs while enhancing soil quality and minimizing nonrenewable resources use.

No-till agriculture

An agricultural method where farmers do not turn the soil between seasons to reduce erosion.

Integrated pest management (IPM)

An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques to minimize pesticide use.

Free-range farming

A farming practice where animals are allowed to roam freely instead of being confined.

Individual transferable quota (ITQ)

A fishery management program granting individual fishers a total allowable catch they can catch or sell.

Bycatch

The unintentional capture of non-target species during fishing.